Table 3 Multivariable analysis of risk factors for stillbirths using hierarchical approach

 Age of the mother >30 years

3.8 (1.2–8.0)

3.5 (1.7–7.5)

4.3 (1.7–10.7)

 Occupation of mother (working outside home)

–

–

–

 Birth order (primigravidae)

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

1.8 (1.3–2.6)

 Preterm labour (<37 weeks)

4.8 (3.6–6.5)

4.0 (2.9–5.5)

4.5 (3.2–6.5)

 Registration of pregnancy in first trimester

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

–

 Received 3 or more ANC checkups

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

–

 Exposure to active or passive smoking

1.9 (1.4–2.6)

2.3 (1.7–3.3)

2.1 (1.4–3.0)

 History of chewing tobacco during pregnancy

1.6 (1.0–2.5)

1.5 (0.9–2.3)

–

 History of injury or accident during pregnancy

4.3 (2.0–9.3)

4.3 (2.0–9.5)

10.7 (3.4–33.7)

 History of any physical violence during pregnancy

2.0 (1.2–3.3)

2.3 (1.4–3.9)

2.5 (1.4–4.6)

 Bleeding per vagina during pregnancy

2.2 (1.5–3.2)

2.6 (1.7–3.8)

 Excessive or foul smelling vaginal discharge during pregnancy

–

–

 Burning micturition

1.4 (1.0–1.9)

–

 Oedema (hand or face or legs)

1.4 (1.1–1.9)

1.8 (1.3–2.6)

 Severe or persistent abdominal pain during pregnancy (not labour pain)

–

–

 Blurring of vision or severe headache during pregnancy

1.7 (1.2–2.5)

1.9 (1.3–2.8)

 High blood pressure during pregnancy

3.1 (1.6–5.8)

2.9 (1.5–5.6)

 Any complication during labour^a

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

 Administration of 2 or more doses of medicines to augment labour

–

 Time take to reach facility (>30 mins)

–

 More than 10 mins to attend after reaching the facility

3.6 (2.5–5.1)