Table 1 Participants’ demographic characteristics at baseline (early pregnancy). Observed data presented as mean ± standard deviation or number of participants (percent)
Participant characteristics at baseline | Exercise Group (n = 36) | Control Group (n = 34) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
Age (years) | 31.6 ± 3.6 | 31.3 ± 4.6 | 0.73 |
Weight (kg) | 94.7 ± 12.4 | 99.3 ± 14.4 | 0.16 |
Height (cm) | 167.0 ± 5.7 | 167.8 ± 6.3 | 0.59 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.9 ± 3.8 | 35.2 ± 4.5 | 0.20 |
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Weight classification | 0.35 | ||
Overweight, BMI 28.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 2 (5.6%) | 3 (8.8%) | |
Class 1 obesity, BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 | 23 (63.9%) | 15 (44.1%) | |
Class 2 obesity, BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2 | 9 (25.0%) | 11 (32.4%) | |
Class 3 obesity, BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2 | 2 (5.6%) | 5 (14.7%) | |
Parity | 0.71 | ||
0 | 18 (50.0%) | 15 (44.1%) | |
1 | 15 (41.7%) | 14 (41.2%) | |
2 | 3 (8.3%) | 4 (11.8%) | |
≥ 3 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | |
Current smoking | 2 (5.6%) | 4 (11.8%) | |
Education | 0.85 | ||
Primary/secondary school | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
High school | 9 (25.0%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
University ≤ 4 y | 13 (36.1%) | 10 (29.4%) | |
University > 4 y | 14 (38.9%) | 17 (50.0%) | |
Currently employed | 32 (88.9%) | 26 (76.5%) | 0.21 |