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Table 1 Overall maternal and obstetric characteristics and type of late preterm delivery

From: Avoiding late preterm deliveries to reduce neonatal complications: an 11-year cohort study

 

Overall

Spontaneous LPT (N = 1487)

EB-LPT

(N = 243)

Non EB-LPT

(N = 287)

P-valuea

P-valueb

P-valuec

Obstetrical description

 Maternal age: mean (±SD, P50)

31.7 (±5.6; 32)

31.4 (±5.5; 32)

32.1 (±5.8; 32)

32.9 (±5.8; 33)

<0.001

0.06

<0.001

 Mean gestational age in weeks (±SD, P50)

35.3 (±0.8; 36)

35.4 (±0.8; 36)

35.2 (±0.8; 35)

35.4 (±0.8; 36)

0.002

0.005

0.159

 Gravidity, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

0.625

  Primigravida

714 (35.4)

531 (35.7)

110 (45.3)

73 (25.4)

   

  Multigravida

1303 (64.6)

956 (64.3)

133 (54.7)

214 (74.6)

   

 Parity, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

0.399

  Primiparous

1063 (52.7)

792 (53.3)

160 (65.8)

111 (38.7)

   

  Multiparous

954 (47.3)

695 (46.7)

83 (34.2)

176 (61.3)

   

 Prior caesarean section, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  No

1786 (88.5)

1360 (91.5)

217 (89.3)

209 (72.8)

   

  Segmental caesarean

213 (10.6)

117 (7.9)

23 (9.5)

73 (25.4)

   

  Non-segmental caesarean

18 (0.9)

10 (0.7)

3 (1.2)

5 (1.7)

   

 Prior myomectomy, n (%)

5 (0.3)

2 (0.1)

0 (0)

3 (1.0)

0.013

0.254

0.086

 Chronic hypertension, n (%)

28 (1.4)

7 (0.5)

15 (6.2)

6 (2.1)

<0.001

0.016

<0.001

 Gestational hypertension, n (%)

63 (3.1)

21 (1.4)

24 (9.9)

18 (6.3)

<0.001

0.126

<0.001

 Preeclampsia, n (%)

212 (10.5)

39 (2.6)

128 (52.7)

45 (15.7)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Severe preeclampsia, n (%)

127 (60.5)

0 (0)

127 (100.0)

0 (0)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Cholestasis, n (%)

3 (0.2)

0 (0)

3 (1.2)

0 (0)

<0.001

0.096

0.004

 Haemorrhage, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  No

1896 (94.0)

1480 (99.5)

233 (95.9)

183 (63.8)

   

  Placenta praevia

37 (1.8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

37 (12.9)

   

  Acute abruption

0 (0)

0 (0)

10 (4.1)

0 (0)

   

  Other, missing data

74 (3.7)

7 (0.5)

0 (0)

67 (23.3)

   

 Rupture of membranes, n (%)

1090 (54.0)

1079 (72.6)

43 (17.7)

0 (0)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 IUGR, n (%)

143 (7.1)

43 (2.9)

71 (29.2)

29 (10.1)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Abnormal doppler, n (%)

42 (2.1)

0 (0)

36 (14.8)

6 (2.1)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Oligohydramnios, n (%)

79 (3.9)

34 (2.3)

13 (5.4)

32 (11.2)

<0.001

0.019

<0.001

 Abnormal fetal tracing, n (%)

73 (3.6)

0 (0)

73 (30.0)

0 (0)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Lung maturation, n (%) (n = 1977)

373 (18.5)

220 (14.8)

48 (19.8)

105 (36.6)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Uterine rupture, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

–

–

 Start of delivery, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  Spontaneous

883 (43.8)

880 (59.2)

3 (1.2)

0 (0)

   

  Induced

934 (46.3)

564 (37.9)

206 (84.8)

164 (57.1)

   

  Elective caesarean

200 (9.9)

43 (2.9)

34 (14.0)

123 (42.9)

   

 Mode of delivery, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  Vaginal

1278 (63.4)

1150 (77.3)

79 (32.5)

49 (17.1)

   

  Elective caesarean

200 (9.9)

43 (2.9)

34 (14.0)

123 (42.9)

   

  Cesarean in labour

539 (26.7)

294 (19.8)

130 (53.5)

115 (40.1)

   

 Presentation, n (%)

    

<0.001

<0.001

0.008

  Cephalic

1325 (89.2)

983 (90.7)

175 (93.1)

167 (78.0)

   

  Breech

146 (9.8)

92 (8.5)

13 (6.9)

41 (19.2)

   

  Other

15 (1.0)

9 (0.8)

0 (0)

6 (2.8)

   

 Type of anaesthesia, n (%)

    

<0.001

0.111

<0.001

  Non

347 (17.2)

332 (22.3)

9 (3.7)

6 (2.1)

   

  Epidural

1629 (80.8)

1139 (76.6)

227 (93.4)

263 (91.6)

   

  General

41 (2.0)

16 (1.1)

7 (2.9)

18 (6.3)

   

Neonatal description

 Female gender, n (%)

928 (46.0)

643 (43.2)

127 (52.3)

158 (55.1)

<0.001

0.521

<0.001

 Birth weight (kg): mean (±SD, P50)

2.57 (±0.46, 2.56)

2.63 (±0.43, 2.61)

2.19 (±0.47, 2.14)

2.55 (±0.45, 2.56)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Apgar <5, n (%)

14 (0.7)

10 (0.7)

2 (0.8)

2 (0.7)

0.966

0.999

0.769

 Arterial pH < 7.10, n (%)

67 (3.5)

43 (3.1)

15 (6.4)

9 (3.3)

0.038

0.140

0.094

 Growth retardation <p10, n (%)

173 (9.0)

72 (5.0)

77 (35.0)

24 (9.2)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 NICU stay, n (%)

828 (41.0)

518 (34.8)

161 (66.3)

149 (51.9)

<0.001

0.001

<0.001

 Malformation, n (%)

46 (5.5)

24 (4.6)

7 (4.4)

15 (10.0)

0.033

0.054

0.138

 Ventilatory support, n (%)

    

<0.001

0.428

<0.001

  No

1733 (85.9)

1322 (88.9)

194 (79.8)

217 (75.6)

   

  Non-invasive

246 (12.2)

146 (9.8)

40 (16.5)

60 (20.9)

   

  Invasive

38 (1.9)

19 (1.3)

9 (3.7)

10 (3.5)

   

 Mean stay at NICU in days (±SD, P50) (n = 828)

12.1 (±14.2, 10)

11.4 (±13.7, 9)

13.3 (±13.4, 11)

13.0 (±16.5, 9)

0.226

0.067

0.006

 Neonatal sepsis with bacteremia, n (%)

5 (0.6)

2 (0.4)

2 (1.2)

1 (0.7)

0.458

0.999

0.367

 Respiratory diseases, n (%)

419 (21.1)

256 (17.5)

72 (30.6)

91 (32.2)

<0.001

0.711

<0.001

 Neonatal death, n (%)

4 (0.2)

1 (0.07)

2 (0.8)

1 (0.35)

0.036

0.596

0.058

 Presence of ≥1 complication*, n (%) (n = 2014)

829 (41.2)

518 (34.9)

161 (66.3)

150 (52.3)

<0.001

0.001

<0.001

  1. LPT late preterm, EB evidence-based, SD standard deviation, IUGR intrauterine growth retardation, NICU neonatal intensive care unit, SD standard deviation
  2. aComparisons between the three groups of LPT birth; bcomparisons between spontaneous LPT birth and EB plus non-EB-LPT birth; ccomparisons between EB and non-EB-LPT birth
  3. Complication *: neonatal death; NICU admission; need for ventilatory support; neonatal sepsis with bacteremia; and respiratory disease requiring oxygen or ventilatory support
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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