Table 2 Rate and rate ratios for exclusive breastfeeding at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months, determined among infants in EMRALD™ who had documented feeding status
From: Infant feeding practices within a large electronic medical record database
Characteristic | Age 2 months | Age 4 months | Age 6 months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of mother-infant pairs | Rate (%) of exclusive breastfeeding | Rate Ratio (95% CI) | No. of mother-infant pairs | Rate (%) of exclusive breastfeeding | Rate Ratio (95% CI) | No. of mother-infant pairs | Rate (%) of exclusive breastfeeding | Rate Ratio (95% CI) | |
Overall | 7621 | 39.5 | – | 7416 | 32.4 | – | 7186 | 25.1 | – |
Age at delivery, years | |||||||||
< 20 | 207 | 20.8 | 1.00 (referent) | 201 | 15.4 | Referent (1.00) | 195 | 12.8 | Referent (1.00) |
20–24 | 979 | 28.7 | 1.38 (1.04–1.84) | 950 | 20.8 | 1.35 (0.96–1.91) | 924 | 16.2 | 1.27 (0.85–1.88) |
25–29 | 2114 | 37.4 | 1.80 (1.37–2.36) | 2054 | 29.9 | 1.94 (1.39–2.70) | 1983 | 22.3 | 1.74 (1.20–2.54) |
30–34 | 2691 | 43.7 | 2.10 (1.61–2.75) | 2637 | 36.6 | 2.37 (1.71–3.29) | 2557 | 28.5 | 2.23 (1.54–3.23) |
35–39 | 1362 | 44.6 | 2.15 (1.63–2.82) | 1315 | 37.6 | 2.44 (1.75–3.39) | 1275 | 29.3 | 2.29 (1.57–3.33) |
≥ 40 | 268 | 41.8 | 2.01 (1.49–2.72) | 259 | 38.6 | 2.50 (1.75–3.58) | 252 | 31.3 | 2.45 (1.62–3.68) |
Parity | |||||||||
Multiparous | 4029 | 39.3 | 1.00 (referent) | 3912 | 31.9 | 1.00 (referent) | 3791 | 24.5 | 1.00 (referent) |
Primiparous | 3592 | 39.6 | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 3504 | 32.9 | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 3395 | 25.7 | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
Urban residence | |||||||||
No | 1828 | 33.3 | 1.00 (referent) | 1780 | 26.7 | 1.00 (referent) | 1719 | 19.8 | 1.00 (referent) |
Yes | 5790 | 41.4 | 1.24 (1.16–1.34) | 5633 | 34.2 | 1.28 (1.17–1.39) | 5464 | 26.7 | 1.35 (1.22–1.50) |
Immigrant | |||||||||
No | 6694 | 39.2 | Referent | 6514 | 32.1 | 1.00 (referent) | 6309 | 24.7 | 1.00 (referent) |
Yes | 927 | 41.4 | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 902 | 34.6 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 877 | 27.4 | 1.11 (0.98–1.24) |
Residential income quintile (Q) | |||||||||
Q1 (lowest) | 1314 | 35.9 | 1.00 (referent) | 1268 | 28.2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1229 | 20.5 | 1.00 (referent) |
Q2 | 1430 | 39.0 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1386 | 32.5 | 1.15 (1.03–1.30) | 1342 | 26.5 | 1.29 (1.12–1.49) |
Q3 | 1706 | 39.5 | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1667 | 32.9 | 1.17 (1.04–1.31) | 1617 | 26.1 | 1.27 (1.11–1.46) |
Q4 | 1646 | 42.6 | 1.19 (1.08–1.30) | 1608 | 35.9 | 1.27 (1.14–1.42) | 1556 | 27.5 | 1.34 (1.17–1.54) |
Q5 (highest) | 1497 | 39.9 | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 1461 | 31.8 | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 1417 | 24.1 | 1.18 (1.02–1.36) |
Unknown | 28 | 21.4 | 0.60 (0.29–1.22) | 26 | 15.4 | 0.55 (0.22–1.35) | 25 | 8.0 | 0.39 (0.10–1.48) |
Joint income Q/immigrant status | |||||||||
Q1 & non-immigrant | 1063 | 34.2 | 1.00 (referent) | 1019 | 26.4 | 1.00 (referent) | 985 | 18.9 | 1.00 (referent) |
Q1 & immigrant | 251 | 43.0 | 1.26 (1.07–1.48) | 249 | 35.3 | 1.34 (1.10–1.63) | 244 | 27.0 | 1.43 (1.12–1.83) |
Q2-Q5 & non-immigrant | 5613 | 40.2 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 5478 | 33.2 | 1.26 (1.13–1.40) | 5307 | 25.9 | 1.37 (1.20–1.57) |
Q2-Q5 & immigrant | 666 | 41.0 | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) | 644 | 34.6 | 1.31 (1.13–1.52) | 625 | 27.7 | 1.47 (1.22–1.76) |
Unknown | 28 | 21.4 | 0.63 (0.31–1.28) | 26 | 15.4 | 0.58 (0.24–1.44) | 25 | 8.0 | 0.42 (0.11–1.61) |
Birthweight, grams | |||||||||
< 2500 | 92 | 34.8 | 1.00 (referent) | 89 | 22.5 | 1.00 (referent) | 83 | 19.3 | 1.00 (referent) |
2500 - < 3000 | 895 | 39.7 | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 858 | 33.1 | 1.47 (0.99–2.19) | 830 | 27.1 | 1.41 (0.89–2.21) |
3000 - < 3500 | 2872 | 39.0 | 1.12 (0.85–1.49) | 2795 | 32.5 | 1.45 (0.98–2.13) | 2702 | 25.1 | 1.30 (0.84–2.03) |
≥ 3500 | 3762 | 39.9 | 1.15 (0.86–1.52) | 3674 | 32.4 | 1.44 (0.98–2.12) | 3571 | 24.7 | 1.28 (0.82–2.00) |
Birth year | |||||||||
2002–2007 | 1739 | 32.7 | 1.00 (referent) | 1724 | 26.3 | 1.00 (referent) | 1709 | 20.4 | 1.00 (referent) |
2008–2013 | 5882 | 41.5 | 1.27 (1.18–1.36) | 5692 | 34.2 | 1.30 (1.19–1.42) | 5477 | 26.5 | 1.30 (1.17–1.45) |