From: Maternal vitamin D status, gestational diabetes and infant birth size
Maternal characteristics | n | Non-GDM | n | GDM | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at delivery (y) | 642 | 31.4 ± 4.3 | 81 | 32.7 ± 4.5 | 0.018 |
Level of educationa | 632 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 79 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 0.051 |
Parity | 640 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 81 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.275 |
Prepregnancy smoking, number of cigarettes daily | 625 | 1.2 ± 3.7 | 76 | 2.0 ± 4.6 | 0.064 |
Alcohol consumption before pregnancy, portion/wk. | 625 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 78 | 2.3 ± 3.5 | 0.755 |
Prepregnancy height (cm) | 642 | 166.3 ± 6.0 | 81 | 165.9 ± 5.4 | 0.398 |
Prepregnancy weight (kg) | 631 | 63.5 ± 10.2 | 81 | 72.1 ± 13.5 | <0.001 |
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 639 | 23.0 ± 3.5 | 81 | 26.2 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
Duration of gestation at OGTT (wk) | 323 | 26.3 ± 4.3 | 80 | 25.9 ± 5.9 | 0.774 |
Duration of gestation at pregnancy blood sampling (wk) | 642 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 81 | 11.2 ± 2.2 | 0.089 |
Duration of gestation at delivery (wk) | 642 | 40.2 ± 1.1 | 81 | 40.1 ± 1.1 | 0.410 |
Pregnancy 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 642 | 81.9 ± 19.5 | 81 | 80.0 ± 21.2 | 0.417 |
UCB 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 642 | 80.1 ± 20.0 | 81 | 78.4 ± 18.8 | 0.448 |
Supplemental vitamin D intake during pregnancy (μg/d) | 621 | 15.5 ± 16.6 | 76 | 13.5 ± 10.8 | 0.162 |
Cumulative gestational weight gain atb (kg) | 0.093 | ||||
 first measurement | 580 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 74 | 1.6 ± 0.5 |  |
 12th gestational week | 580 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 74 | 3.6 ± 1.1 |  |
 20th gestational week | 580 | 6.3 ± 0.8 | 74 | 6.2 ± 0.8 |  |
 30th gestational week | 580 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 74 | 9.7 ± 0.4 |  |
 last measurement | 580 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 74 | 13.7 ± 0.3 |  |