Table 2 Geometric mean concentrations of pertussis antibodies in maternal and infants’ blood at birth
Study design | Intervention/ exposuretype, mean gestational week at vaccination (range) | Com-parator | Maternal blood birth | Infant cord blood at birth | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n: Vaccine/control | Vaccine Geometric mean (95% CI) | Control Geometric mean (95% CI) | Ratio of geometric means (95% CI) | p | n: Vaccine/control | Vaccine Geometric mean (95% CI) | Control Geometric mean (95% CI) | Ratio of geometric means (95% CI) | p | ||||
PT (EU or IU/ml)* | |||||||||||||
Munoz [31] | RCT | Tdap -- (30–32) | placebo | 33/14 | 51.0 (37.1–70.1) | 9.1 (4.6–17.8) | 5.6 (3.0–10.5) | <0.001 | 31/14 | 68.8 (52.1–90.8) | 14.0 (7.3–26.9) | 4.9 (2.8–8.7) | <0.001 |
Hoang [30] | RCT | Tdap 26 (19–35) | TT | 51/47 | 17.3 (13.0–22.0) | 5.7 (4.3–7.6) | 3.0 (2.1–4.4) | <0.001 | 50/47 | 21.0 (16.0–28.0) | 7.2 (5.6–9.4) | 2.9 (2.0–4.3) | <0.001 |
Abu Raya [26] | PCS | Tdap -- (≥ 20) | no vac. | 61/20 | 16.9 (10.5–27.0) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 22.8 (8.8–58.7) | <0.001 | 61/20 | 17.81 (10.67–29.74) | 1.12 (0.41–3.02) | 15.9 (5.6–45.1) | <0.001 |
(subset) | (27–36) | 51/20 | 16.4 (9.6–28.0) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 22.1 (8.1–60.0) | <0.001 | 51/20 | 17.3 (9.5–31.5) | 1.12 (0.4–3.0) | 15.4 (5.0–47.6) | <0.001 | ||
(subset) | (≥ 37) | 7/20 | 28.1 (12.5–63.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 38.0 (8.2–174.9) | <0.001 | 7/20 | 21.12 (7.9–56.2) | 1.12 (0.4–3.0) | 18.9 (3.3–108.1) | <0.001 | ||
Hardy-Fairbanks [33] | PCS | Tdap – (anytime) | no vac. | 5/53 | 14.3 (−-) | 7.5 (−-) | 1.9 (−-) | – | 5/53 | 33.5 (−-) | 12.6 (−-) | 2.7 (−-) | – |
Maertens [29] | PCS | Tdap 29 (22–33) | no vac. | 56/41 | 31.4 (26.0–38.0) | 6.4 (4.3–9.6) | 4.9 (3.3–7.3) | <0.001 | 58/41 | 100.7 (82.0–123.0) | 12.4 (8.0–19.0) | 8.1 (5.3–12.5) | <0.001 |
Healy [34] | RCS | Tdap 9 (1–29) | before | 19/86 | 10.5 (6.4–17.1) | 14.0 (11.1–17.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.29 | 19/86 | 17.3 (11.1–26.8) | 16.7 (13.2–21.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.90 |
Gall [5] | RCS | Tdap -- (anytime) | no vac. | 52/52 | Mean 28.2 (SE 2.8) | Mean 11.01 (SE 1.8) | MD 17.2 (10.7–23.8) | ||||||
FHA (EU or IU/ml) | |||||||||||||
Munoz [31] | RCT | Tdap -- (30–32) | placebo | 33/14 | 184.8 (142.8–239.1) | 21.9 (10.9–44.1) | 8.4 (4.8–15.0) | <0.001 | 31/14 | 234.2 (184.6–297.3) | 25.1 (10.5–60.3) | 9.3 (4.9–17.6) | <0.001 |
Hoang [30] | RCT | Tdap 26 (19–35) | TT | 49/47 | 139.0 (109.0–176.0) | 17.3 (14.0–21.4) | 8.0 (5.8–11.0) | <0.001 | 49/46 | 93.0 (65.0–133.0) | 27.3 (20.9–36.7) | 3.4 (2.2–5.4) | <0.001 |
Abu Raya [26] | PCS | Tdap -- (≥ 20) | no vac. | 61/20 | 187.4 (162.9–215.7) | 13.4 (8.9–20.3) | 14.0 (10.0–19.4) | <0.001 | 61/20 | 190.2 (160.9–224.8) | 17.1 (10.2–28.7) | 11.1 (7.4–16.6) | <0.001 |
(subset) | (27–36) | 51/20 | 192.0 (165.9–222.3) | 13.4 (8.9–20.3) | 14.3 (10.2–20.0) | <0.001 | 51/20 | 196.7 (163.4–236.9) | 17.1 (10.2–28.7) | 11.5 (7.5–17.6) | <0.001 | ||
(subset) | (≥ 37) | 7/20 | 155.8 (109.3–222.2) | 13.4 (8.9–20.3) | 11.6 (5.7–23.7) | <0.001 | 7/20 | 138.0 (97.6–195.2) | 17.1 (10.2–28.7) | 8.1 (3.3–19.5) | <0.001 | ||
Hardy-Fairbanks [33] | PCS | Tdap – (anytime) | no vac. | 5/53 | 32.5 (−-) | 9.6 (−-) | 3.4 (−-) | – | 5/53 | 66.1 (−-) | 15.9 (−-) | 4.2 (−-) | – |
Maertens [29] | PCS | Tdap 29 (22–33) | no vac. | 56/41 | 107.0 (91.0–126.0) | 21.4 (16.6–27.5) | 5.0 (3.8–6.6) | <0.001 | 58/41 | 140.0 (109.0–180.0) | 27.5 (21.5–35.0) | 5.1 (3.6–7.3) | <0.001 |
Healy [34] | RCS | Tdap 9 (1–29) | before | 19/86 | 49.3 (28.4–85.8) | 50.9 (40.6–63.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.91 | 19/86 | 87.6 (56.3–136.4) | 73.0 (57.6–92.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.51 |
Gall [5] | RCS | Tdap -- (anytime) | no vac. | 52/52 | Mean 104.2 (SE 21.7) | Mean 26.8 (SE 4.0) | MD 77.3 (33.6–121.0) | <0.001 | |||||
PRN (EU or IU/ml) | |||||||||||||
Munoz [31] | RCT | Tdap -- (30–32) | placebo | 45/35 | 184.5 (110.2–308.8) | 12.2 (5.2–28.4) | 15.1 (5.9–38.6) | <0.001 | 35/35 | 219.0 (134.4–357.0) | 14.4 (5.4–38.4) | 15.2 (5.9–39.3) | <0.001 |
Hoang [30] | RCT | Tdap 26 (19–35) | TT | 49/48 | 111.0 (76.0–163.0) | 9.4 (6.9–12.5) | 11.8 (7.3–19.1) | <0.001 | 49/47 | 124 (86–179) | 13.9 (10.5–18.2) | 8.9 (5.6–14.1) | <0.001 |
Abu Raya [26] | PCS | Tdap -- (≥ 20) | no vac. | 61/20 | 166.0 (125.7–219.4) | 8.5 (3.5–20.3) | 19.6 (10.0–38.6) | <0.001 | 61/20 | 162.1 (120.4–218.2) | 10.6 (4.5–25.3) | 15.3 (7.6–30.7) | <0.001 |
(subset) | (27–36) | 51/20 | 164.0 (119.5–225.1) | 8.5 (3.5–20.3) | 19.4 (9.4–39.9) | <0.001 | 51/20 | 161.5 (114.7–227.5) | 10.6 (4.5–25.3) | 15.2 (7.2–32.1) | <0.001 | ||
(subset) | (≥ 37) | 7/20 | 181.6 (65.5–503.0) | 8.5 (3.5–20.3) | 21.5 (4.5–101.4) | <0.001 | 7/20 | 172.9 (68.7–434.8) | 10.6 (4.5–25.3) | 16.3 (3.5–75.0) | <0.001 | ||
Hardy-Fairbanks [33] | PCS | Tdap -- (anytime) | no vac. | 5/53 | 24.4 (−-) | 6.4 (−-) | 3.8 (−-) | – | 5/53 | 48.5 (−-) | 8.9 (−-) | 5.5 (−-) | – |
Maertens [29] | PCS | Tdap 29 (22–33) | no vac. | 57/41 | 602.0 (485.5–747.0) | 18.0 (13.0–24.0) | 33.4 (23.4–47.9) | <0.001 | 57/41 | 697.0 (573.0–848.0) | 21.0 (15.5–28.0) | 33.2 (23.7–46.5) | <0.001 |
Healy [34] | RCS | Tdap 9 (1–29) | before | 19/86 | 40.4 (18.9–87.3) | 39.5 (28.3–55.0) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 0.96 | 19/86 | 70 (32.5–150.5) | 41.7 (81.6–4.07) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 0.65 |
Gall [5] | RCS | Tdap -- (anytime) | no vac. | 52/52 | Mean 333.0 (SE 56.4) | Mean 24.7 (SE 5.8) | MD 308.3(195.8–420.0) | <0.001 | |||||
FIM (EU or IU/ml) | |||||||||||||
Munoz [31] | RCT | Tdap -- (30–32) | no vac. | 11/38 | 1485.7 (979.9–2252.6) | 34.9 (16.3–74.8) | 42.6 (19.5–93.1) | <0.001 | 15/32 | 1867.0 (1211.7–2876.8) | 51.8 (22.8–118) | 36.0 (15.8–82.1) | <0.001 |
Hardy-Fairbanks [33] | PCS | Tdap -- (anytime) | no vac. | 5/53 | 360.3 (−-) | 17.7 (−-) | 20.4 (−-) | – | 5/53 | 912.9 (−-) | 25.7 (−-) | 35.5 (−-) | – |
Healy [34] | RCS | Tdap 9 (1–29) | before | 11/38 | 103.1 (42.7–249.0) | 138.2 (97.2–196.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.49 | 15/32 | 191.8 (84.5–435.7) | 182.6 (127.7–261.2) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 0.91 |
Gall [5] | RCS | Tdap -- (anytime) | no vac. | 51/26 | 49/21 | Mean 11,989.0 (SE 189.9) | Mean 82.8 (SE 14.59) | MD 1116.2 (738.3–1494.0) | <0.001 | ||||