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Table 4 Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior during pregnancy with GDM in the GUSTO study

From: Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian women in Singapore

Variables

Overall sample

Underweight/Normal weight

Overweight/obese

P for interaction

Cases

n (%)

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Adjustedb

Adjustedb

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Cases

n (%)

OR (95% CI)a

P-value

Cases

n (%)

OR (95% CI)a

P-value

Physical activity

  

0.107

 

0.118

  

0.673

  

0.015

0.098

 Insufficiently active

71 (21.8)

1.0

 

1.0

 

30 (14.9)

1.0

 

41 (33.3)

1.0

  

 Sufficiently active

86 (19.7)

0.88 (0.62, 1.25)

0.475

0.82 (0.56, 1.20)

0.303

50 (17.6)

1.18 (0.71, 1.98)

0.526

36 (23.7)

0.52 (0.29, 0.93)

0.028

 

 Highly active

22 (13.8)

0.57 (0.34, 0.96)

0.035

0.56 (0.32, 0.98)

0.040

12 (12.1)

0.89 (0.42, 1.90)

0.766

10 (16.4)

0.34 (0.15, 0.77)

0.010

 

 p for trend

  

0.045

 

0.041

  

0.975

  

0.004

 

Total sitting time

  

0.197

 

0.246

  

0.532

  

0.304

0.660

 Low (<7 h/day)

39 (15.5)

1.0

 

1.0

 

19 (12.4)

1.0

 

20 (20.4)

1.0

  

 Medium (7–10 h/day)

55 (20.8)

1.42 (0.91, 2.24)

0.126

1.45 (0.90, 2.34)

0.131

24 (15.0)

1.29 (0.65, 2.56)

0.476

31 (29.5)

1.71 (0.86, 3.40)

0.123

 

 High (≥10 h/day)

87 (20.9)

1.43 (0.95, 2.17)

0.089

1.42 (0.90, 2.22)

0.131

49 (17.7)

1.42 (0.77, 2.63)

0.261

38 (27.1)

1.38 (0.71, 2.69)

0.341

 

 p for trend

  

0.114

 

0.172

  

0.271

  

0.438

 

Television time

  

0.287

 

0.885

  

0.248

  

0.304

0.052

 Low (<3 h/day)

130 (20.3)

1.0

 

1.0

 

73 (17.8)

1.0

 

57 (24.9)

1.0

  

 High (≥3 h/day)

51 (17.3)

0.82 (0.58, 1.18)

 

1.03 (0.70, 1.51)

 

19 (10.6)

0.71 (0.40, 1.26)

 

32 (28.1)

1.33 (0.77, 2.29)

  
  1. GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. AaAdjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity at recruitment, history of GDM in previous pregnancy, family history of diabetes, dietary energy intake, active/passive smoking during pregnancy and pregnancy weight gain at 26–28 gestational visit
  3. BbAdjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, education, parity at recruitment, history of GDM in previous pregnancy, family history of diabetes, dietary energy intake, active/passive smoking during pregnancy and pregnancy weight gain at 26–28 gestational visit
  4. p-values were determined by multivariable logistic regression