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Table 3 Association between Gender Equitable Men scale and mistreatment (odds ratios (standard error))

From: Women’s empowerment and experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in facilities in Lucknow, India: results from a cross-sectional study

 

Odds of above-the-mean GEM score (multivariate)

Odds of mistreatment (bivariate)

Odds of mistreatment (multivariate)

GEM score above the mean

 

0.182***

0.266***

 

(0.0403)

(0.0694)

Age group (vs. 16–19)

 20–24

0.686

 

1.462

(0.421)

 

(0.870)

 25–30

1.656

 

1.038

(1.024)

 

(0.620)

Number of living children

0.987

 

0.838

(0.123)

 

(0.0992)

Women’s education group (vs. illiterate/no education)

 Primary school

1.223

 

0.654

(0.360)

 

(0.186)

 Secondary or higher school

1.581

 

0.564

(0.586)

 

(0.205)

Husband educated more than wife (compared to wife educated more or equal education)

0.600**

 

0.872

(0.156)

 

(0.222)

Works outside the home (compared to not working outside the home)

1.164

 

0.913

(0.320)

 

(0.240)

Muslim (vs. Hindu)

1.084

 

0.945

(0.307)

 

(0.261)

Caste (vs. “Other”)

 Scheduled caste

0.871

 

0.866

(0.381)

 

(0.345)

 Scheduled tribe

0.0516***

 

2.539*

(0.0279)

 

(1.298)

 Other backward castes

0.133***

 

1.724

(0.0553)

 

(0.684)

Migrated within previous 10 years

1.239

 

1.773**

(0.327)

 

(0.446)

Wealth quintile (vs. poorest)

 Second poorest

0.800

 

1.780

(0.355)

 

(0.738)

 Middle

0.807

 

1.896

(0.366)

 

(0.821)

 Second richest

0.566

 

1.221

(0.240)

 

(0.491)

 Richest

0.211***

 

3.268***

(0.101)

 

(1.495)

Constant

4.119

2.568***

0.760

(3.765)

(0.456)

(0.685)

Observations

391

392

391

  1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1