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Table 1 Background characteristics of respondents by reports of mistreatment

From: Women’s empowerment and experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in facilities in Lucknow, India: results from a cross-sectional study

 

No mistreatment

n (%)

n = 194

Mistreatment n (%)

n = 198

Total

N (%)

(N = 390)

Age group

 16–19

12 (63.16)

7 (36.84)

19 (4.85)

 20–24

55 (41.04)

79 (58.96)

134 (34.18)

 25–30

127 (53.14)

112 (46.86)

239 (60.97)

Number of living children (mean, range)

 

1.92 (0–6)

1.81 (0–5)

1.87 (0–6)

Years of education

 None

64 (44.76)

79 (55.24)

143 (36.48)

 Primary

80 (54.05)

68 (45.95)

148 (37.76)

 Secondary or more

50 (49.50)

51 (50.50)

101 (25.77)

Husband-wife education gap

 Equal education or wife more

126 (52.94)

112 (47.06)

238 (60.71)

 Husband more educated

68 (44.16)

86 (55.84)

154 (39.29)

Has paid work

 Yes

72 (55.38)

58 (44.62)

262 (66.84)

 No

122 (46.56)

140 (53.44)

130 (33.16)

Religion

 Hindu

135 (50.19)

134 (49.81)

269 (68.62)

 Muslim

59 (47.97)

64 (52.03)

123 (31.38)

Caste

 Other

34 (60.71)

22 (39.29)

56 (14.29)

 Scheduled caste

89 (67.94)

42 (32.06)

131 (33.42)

 Scheduled tribe

13 (28.26)

33 (71.74)***

46 (11.73)

 OBC

58 (36.48)

101 (63.52)***

159 (40.56)

Migration status

 Migrants

114 (55.61)

91 (44.39)

205 (52.30)

 Non-migrants

80 (42.78)

107 (57.22)**

187 (47.70)

Wealth quintiles

 Lowest quintile

43 (69.35)

19 (30.65)

62 (15.86)

 Lower quintile

36 (48.65)

38 (51.35)**

74 (18.93)

 Middle quintile

32 (47.06)

36 (52.94)**

68 (17.39)

 Higher quintile

51 (52.58)

46 (47.42)**

97 (24.81)

 Highest quintile

31 (34.44)

59 (65.56)***

90 (23.02)

GEM score (mean, range)

 

8.85 (4.9–11.88)

7.39 (4.49–11.35)***

8.11 (4.49–11.88)

  1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1