Table 1 Distribution of variables for mother-daughter dyads (1994–2009), n = 648
From: Do the status and empowerment of mothers predict their daughters’ reproductive outcomes?
Characteristics | Total | Daughter did not have sex by 2009 | Daughter had sex but has not ever used contraception | Daughter had sex and has used contraception | F test/chi-squared test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daughter’s sex and contraceptive experience, 2009 | 136 | 113 | 399 | ||
Percent of full sample | 21% | 17% | 62% | ||
Percent of sexually active sample (n = 512) | – | 22% | 78% | ||
Mother’s status and empowerment | |||||
Mother’s age, mean years (SD, range) | 38.10 (5.91, 26–57) | 38.95 | 37.82 | 37.88 | 0.17 |
Mother’s education, mean years completed (SD, range) | 7.19 (3.70, 0–17) | 8.11 | 6.73** | 7.01** | 0.004 |
Number of living children (1994), mean (SD, range) | 5.01 (2.20, 1–13) | 4.63 | 5.13 | 5.11† | 0.08 |
Number of joint household decisions (SD, range) | 4.63 (2.48, 0–10) | 4.72 | 4.66 | 4.59 | 0.87 |
Mother, child, and household are well-kept: at least one reported | 41% | 53% | 34%** | 39%* | 0.003 |
Father gives all earnings to mother | 74% | 76% | 76% | 73% | 0.67 |
Age difference (mother-father) | –2.37 (4.28, –31 to 12) | –2.04 | –2.64 | –2.4 | 0.54 |
Educational difference (mother-father) | –0.36 (3.30, –11 to 11) | -0.04 | –0.44 | –0.45 | 0.45 |
Household and father characteristics | |||||
Father’s age, mean years (SD, range) | 40.46 (6.71, 25–67) | 40.99 | 40.46 | 40.29 | 0.57 |
Father’s education, mean years completed (SD, range) | 7.55 (3.85, 0–19) | 8.15 | 7.17 | 7.46 | 0.10 |
Urban residence | 70% | 68% | 65% | 73% | 0.19 |
Household wealth, mean items (SD, range) | 3.98 (2.89, 0–11) | 4.47 | 3.54* | 3.94 | 0.04 |
Index child (1998 and 2009) | |||||
Reported not being close to mother (1998) | 83% | 86% | 85% | 81% | 0.39 |
Reported discussing 3+ topics with mother (1998) | 24% | 21% | 28% | 24% | 0.44 |
Completed education (2009) | 11.49 (2.87, 2–17) | 12.59 | 10.79*** | 11.32*** | <0.0001 |