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Table 2 Maternal mortality, women’s empowerment, economic, political, and health measures by region

From: Composite measures of women’s empowerment and their association with maternal mortality in low-income countries

 

Sub-Saharan African countries (n = 22)

Non-African countries (n = 22)

Total (n = 44)

P value

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 

Maternal mortality ratio

 MMR 2012

 MMR 2015

518

480

193

185

126

114

98

90

322

297

250

235

0.00

0.00

Gender empowerment measures

 GEI 2012a

 GGI 2012a

 SIGI 2012b

0.51

0.65

0.32

0.13

0.05

0.12

0.59

0.67

0.24

0.15

0.06

0.11

0.55

0.66

0.28

0.14

0.06

0.12

0.07

0.44

0.02

Economic

 GDP per capita 2012c

2485

1467

5881

2428

4183

2623

0.00

Political

 Freedom House Index 2012a

 Corruption Index 2012a

8.4

32.6

4.3

6.6

8.9

31.2

3.6

7.0

8.6

31.9

3.9

6.7

0.69

0.49

Health

 Skilled Birth Attendance 2007–2014d

 Total Fertility Rate 2015

59.0

4.9

17.4

0.9

82.6

2.6

19.2

0.8

70.8

3.7

21.7

1.4

0.00

0.00

  1. MMR maternal mortality ratio, GEI Gender Equity Index, GGI Global Gap Index, SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index, SD standard deviation.
  2. aHigher score indicates more equality, less perceived corruption or more freedom
  3. bLower score indicates more equality
  4. cGDP per capita is in USD
  5. dUsing most recent survey available for each country, percent of births attended by skilled provider