Institutional maternal and perinatal deaths: a review of 40 low and middle income countries

Table 3 Institutional stillbirth and pre-discharge early neonatal mortality rates (23 countries)

Region, country and year of data collection	Institu-tional deliveries	Ante-partum SBs	Intra-partum SBs	Unspe-cified SBs	Total SBs	SB rate per 1000 deliveries	pNDs	pND rate per 1000 live births	SB:pND ratio
LAC
Guyana 2010	12,803	70	67	89	226	17.7	65	5.2	3.5
Nicaragua 2006	94,136	NR	NR	NR	1210	12.9	889	9.6	1.4
Western Africa
Gambia 2012	51,518	1023	944	66	2033	39.5	433	8.8	4.7
Ghana 2010	434,508	3989	4685	1223	9897	22.8	2201	5.2	4.5
Guinea 2011	141,724	1944	1457	3639	6040	42.6	242	1.8	25.0
Niger 2010	152,415	1171	4105	1072	6348	41.6	545	3.7	11.6
Senegal 2013	237,494	3761	3345	2078	9184	38.7	1439	6.3	6.4
Togo 2012	133,119	974	1728	1150	3852	28.9	634	4.9	6.1
Eastern Africa
Eritrea 2008	25,000	NR	NR	NR	933	37.3	185	7.7	5.0
Ethiopia 2008–9	174,561	NR	NR	NR	7366	42.2	522	3.1	14.1
Madagascar 2009	118,774	NR	NR	NR	13,832	116.5	527	5.0	26.2
Malawi 2014	476,272	3632	4403	NR	8035	16.9	5028	10.7	1.6
Mozambique 2012^a	647,944	828	3440	8200	12,468	19.2	1380	2.2	9.0
Rwanda 2007^a	207,738	17,456	5618	NR	23,074	11.1	9432	5.1	2.4
South Sudan 2013	52,842	208	541	373	1122	21.2	948	18.3	1.2
Zambia 2014–15	475,646	NR	NR	NR	11,233	23.6	1980	4.3	5.7
Central Africa
Chad 2011	49,202	274	814	NR	2155	43.8	239	5.1	9.0
Congo 2012	85,038	657	856	219	1732	20.4	264	3.2	6.6
Dem Rep Congo 2011	156,546	NR	NR	NR	5949	38.0	1271	8.4	4.7
Asia
Afghanistan 2009	192,627	NR	NR	NR	4177	21.7	1422	7.5	2.9
Bangladesh 2012	253,728	NR	NR	NR	8119	32.0	5158	21.0	1.6
Cambodia 2014	119,931	92	715	NR	807	6.7	479	4.0	1.7
Mongolia 2009	30,131	NR	NR	NR	175	5.8	242	8.1	0.7

NR not reported, SB stillbirth, pND pre-discharge early neonatal death, dying before discharge or within the first 24 h, whichever came first
^aMozambique and Rwanda adjusted to reflect 12 months of information

ISSN: 1471-2393