Sociodemographic factors and pregnancy outcomes associated with prepregnancy obesity: effect modification of parity in the nationwide Epifane birth-cohort

Table 4 Association of maternal and neonatal outcome with prepregnancy BMI category (multinomial regression model stratified on parity) (n = 3149)

	Primiparous (n = 1335)						Multiparous (n = 1814)
	Underweight		Overweight		Obesity		Underweight		Overweight		Obesity
	n = 107		n = 214		n = 114		n = 130		n = 357		n = 197
	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]
Gestational weight gain
Within IOM	1		1		1		1		1		1
Below IOM	0.70	[0.42-1.16]	0.47	[0.26-0.85]	0.81	[0.44-1.50]	0.97	[0.63-1.51]	0.39	[0.26-0.60]	0.84	[0.53-1.32]
Above IOM	0.20	[0.10-0.38]	2.87	[1.93-4.26]	1.39	[0.82-2.37]	0.64	[0.37-1.10]	2.27	[1.68-3.06]	1.82	[1.20-2.76]
Gestational diabetes mellitus
No	1		1		1		1		1		1
Yes	0.27	[0.06-1.26]	1.51	[0.80-2.87]	2.80	[1.56-5.01]	0.27	[0.06-1.15]	3.43	[2.17-5.43]	5.16	[3.15-8.46]
Hypertensive complications
No	1		1		1		1		1		1
Yes	0.74	[0.16-3.37]	1.46	[0.62-3.43]	3.80	[1.83-7.89]	0.51	[0.06-4.14]	0.72	[0.28-1.88]	8.13	[3.97-16.64]
Delivery mode
Vaginal	1		1		1		1		1		1
Caesarean	0.77	[0.43-1.37]	1.38	[0.92-2.07]	1.33	[0.80-2.23]	0.39	[0.19-0.81]	1.28	[0.90-1.82]	1.80	[1.18-2.77]
Infant’s birth weight
[2.5 kg-4 kg[	1		1		1		1		1		1
≥ 4 kg	0.43	[0.06-2.94]	1.40	[0.70-2.77]	1.18	[0.36-3.86]	0.84	[0.38-1.87]	0.80	[0.52-1.22]	1.70	[1.03-2.80]
< 2.5 kg	2.47	[1.14-5.33]	1.03	[0.37-2.90]	0.83	[0.28-2.47]	4.93	[2.36-10.32]	0.48	[0.16-1.41]	0.56	[0.14-2.18]

The model was also adjusted for maternal age, maternal country of birth, education, occupation, smoking before and during pregnancy and antenatal class attendance (see Table 3)

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