Table 2 Quantitative gut microbiota composition in IAP-treated and untreated infants

Staphylococcaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

Lower log cells/g in IAP, p < 0.05

Enterobacteriaceae

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

Higher log cells/g in IAP, p < 0.05

Jaureguy 2004 [39]^a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

IAP: Md 8.4 (R 3.3-9.5)

Control: Md 9.2 (R 3.3-9.8)

p = 0.18

Bacteroides

Jaureguy 2004 [39]^a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

IAP: Md 8.0 (R 6.3-10.3)

Control: Md 7.9 (R 3.6-9.6)

p = 0.12

Bifidobacteria

Jaureguy 2004 [39]^a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

IAP: Md 8.2 (R 4.3-9.5)

Control: Md 8.5 (R 6.9-10.3)

p = 0.10

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

Lower log cells/g in IAP, p < 0.05

Bifidobacterium spp.

Aloisio

2014 [30]^a

IAP n = 26

Control n = 26

IAP: M 5.85 (R 3.24-7.79)

Control: M 7.29 (R 4.12-10.95)

p = 0.001

Corvaglia 2016 [36]^a

IAP n = 35

Control n = 29

IAP: Md 6.01 (IQR 5.51-6.98)

Control: Md 7.80 (IQR 6.61-8.26)

p = 0.000

IAP: Md 8.41 (IQR 7.71-8.80)

Control: Md 8.39 (IQR 7.96-8.86) p = 0.363

Mazzola 2016 [57]^a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

IAP: Md 5.86

Control: Md 8.16

p = 0.005

IAP: Md 7.72 (compared to day 7, p = 0.035)

Control: Md 8.62

NS

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

IAP: Md 5.81

Control: Md 7.19

p = 0.03

IAP: Md 8.50 (compared to day 7, p = 0.036)

Control Md 8.55 (compared to day 7, p = 0.028)

Clostridia

Jaureguy 2004 [39]^a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

IAP: Md 5.3 (R 4.3-5.8)

Control: Md 6.2 (R 3.6-8.1)

p = 0.01

Enterococci

Jaureguy 2004 [39]^a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

IAP: Md 8.3 (R 3.6-10.3)

Control: Md 7.3 (R 3.3-9.5)

p = 0.78

Lactobacillus spp.

Aloisio 2014 [30]^a

IAP n = 26

Control n = 26

IAP: M 6.69 (R 5.40-8.93)

Control: M 6.73 (R 5.45-8.20)

NS

Corvaglia 2016 [36]^a

IAP n = 35

Control n = 29

IAP: Md 5.56 (IQR 4.94-6.14)

Control: Md 5.45 (IQR 4.81-6.14)

p = 0.872

IAP: Md 5.29 (IQR 4.68–6.01)

Control: Md 5.25 (IQR 4.60-6.15)

p = 0.932

Staphylococci

Jaureguy 2004 [39]^a

IAP n = 25

Control n = 25

IAP: Md 6.5 (R 3.6-8.0)

Control: Md 7.0 (R 4.0-9.3)

p = 0.53

Escherichia coli

Aloisio 2014 [30]^a

IAP n = 26

Control n = 26

IAP: M 8.18 (R 4.09-12.70)

Control: M 9.03 (R 5.61-11.78)

NS

Bacteroides fragilis

Aloisio 2014 [30]^a

IAP n = 26

Control n = 26

IAP: M 8.17 (R 4.68-11.99)

Control: M 8.53 (R 5.22-11.16)

NS

Corvaglia 2016 [36]^a

IAP n = 35

Control n = 29

IAP: Md 7.71 (IQR 5.80-9.33)

Control: Md 7.75 (IQR 5.87-9.61)

p > 0.05

IAP: Md 7.36 (IQR 5.80-9.09)

Control: Md 8.51 (IQR 5.86-9.37)

p > 0.05

Clostridium difficile

Aloisio 2014 [30]^a

IAP n = 26

Control n = 26

IAP: M 3.89 (R 3.12-4.80)

Control: M 3.70 (R 2.85-5.46)

NS

Total bacteria

Mazzola 2016 [57]^a

Breast-fed IAP n = 7

Breast-fed Control n = 7

Mixed-fed IAP n = 6

Mixed-fed Control n = 6

All groups: R 9.38-9.71

All groups: R 9.53-9.83

Arboleya 2015 [32]

IAP n = 14

Control n = 13

Higher log cells/g in IAP, p < 0.05