Longer travel time to district hospital worsens neonatal outcomes: a retrospective cross-sectional study of the effect of delays in receiving emergency cesarean section in Rwanda

Table 1 The effect of demographic factors on neonatal outcomes post emergency cesarean section in Rwanda (N = 441)

	Survived and APGAR ≥7		Died or APGAR <7
	n	%	n	%	p-value
Overall	401	90.9	40	9.1	N/A
Neonatal death	-	-	13	3.0	N/A
Neonates with APGAR <7	-	-	27	6.1	N/A
District hospital
Butaro	147	91.3	14	8.7	0.47
Kirehe	129	92.8	10	7.2
Rwinkwavu	125	88.7	16	11.3
Woman’s age (years) (N = 436)
15–24	163	92.6	13	7.4	0.41
25–34	171	90.5	18	9.5
35–44	62	87.3	9	12.7
Gestational age (weeks) (N = 366)
< 37	35	92.1	3	7.9	0.88
37–41	247	92.5	20	7.5
> 41	56	91.8	5	8.2
Number of fetuses
1	368	91.5	34	8.5	0.15
2	33	84.6	6	15.4	0.15
Indication for cesarean section
Very severe^a	158	87.8	22	12.2	0.06
Severe^b	243	93.1	18	6.9
Systolic blood pressure (N = 404)
< 90	3	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.85
90–140	354	91.5	33	8.5
> 140	13	92.9	1	7.1
Maternal heart rate (beats per minute) (N = 383)
≤ 100	311	92.3	26	7.7	0.46
> 100	41	89.1	5	10.9	0.46
Fetal heart rate (beats per minute) (N = 429)
< 120	54	91.5	5	8.5	0.46
120–160	323	91.8	29	8.2
>160	15	83.3	3	16.7

^aVery severe indication: intrauterine rupture, fetal distress, cord prolapse, abruption placenta
^bSevere indication: preeclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, cephalopelvic disproportion, prolonged labor and mal-presentation

ISSN: 1471-2393