Geographical differences in perinatal health and child welfare in the Netherlands: rationale for the healthy pregnancy 4 all-2 program

Table 2 Population characteristics of the singleton births between 2009 and 2014 and child welfare outcomes between 2009 and 2012, stratified by location in the four largest cities (G4) or in the rest of the Netherlands

	G4-cities	The Netherlands minus G4-cities	Total
Singleton births	174,989	834,698	1,009,687
Parity
Primiparous	49.0	45.2	45.9
Multiparous	51.0	54.8	54.1
Ethnicity
Western	65.1	89.7	85.5
Non- Western	34.9	10.3	14.5
Maternal age
<20 years	1.6	1.2	1.2
20–24 years	10.5	10.1	10.2
25–29 years	25.1	31.7	30.6
30–34 years	37.1	37.1	37.1
≥35 years	25.7	19.8	20.9
Socioeconomic status score
Low (< p20)	39.5	16.0	20.1
Middle (p20 – p80)	32.3	65.7	59.9
High (> p80)	28.2	18.3	20.0
Perinatal outcomes
Congenital anomalies	2.3	2.7	2.7
Preterm birth	6.2	6.1	6.1
Small for gestational age	10.2	8.3	8.7
Apgar score < 7 (5 min after birth)	2.3	1.9	1.9
Any BIG2^a	15.7	13.9	14.2
Fetal mortality	0.32	0.30	0.30
Intrapartum mortality	0.20	0.17	0.18
Early neonatal mortality	0.34	0.29	0.30
Perinatal mortality^b	0.86	0.76	0.78
Children 0–17 years (4 years^c)	1,692,985	12,339,094	14,032,079
Child welfare outcomes
Children living in deprived neighbourhoods	43.8	13.7	17.3
Children living in families on welfare	13.4	4.2	5.3

Data are presented as percentages
^a Individual BIG2 morbidities (combination of SGA and/or premature births) do not add up to ‘Any BIG2’ as newborns can have >1 BIG2 morbidity
^b = Total of foetal (from 22 weeks gestational age), intrapartum, and neonatal mortality (up to 7 days after birth)
^c Sum of Children 0–17 years in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012

ISSN: 1471-2393