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Table 3 ANOVA Comparisons and Effect Sizes for National Group, Age Group and Sex, and whole sample Pearson Correlations for Infant Feeding Variables

From: ‘Both parents should care for babies’: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural comparison of adolescents’ breastfeeding intentions, and the influence of shared-parenting beliefs

 

Variable

ANOVA Comparisons

Pearson Correlations

  

National Group

Age Group

Sex

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Positive BF beliefs

USA > Nordic > Scot

F = 4.97**

2 = .01)

2 > 3 > 1

F = 1.04

2 = .002)

F > M

F = 1.68

2 = .002)

1.0

      

2

Negative BF beliefs

Scot > Nordic > USA

F = 7.09**

2 = .01)

2 > 3 > 1

F = .94

2 = .002)

F > M

F = .3.08

2 = .003)

.09**

1.0

     

3

BF exposure

Nordic > USA > Scot

F = 156.9***

2 = .23)

3 > 2 > 1

F = 8.56***

2 = .02)

F > M

F = 10.17***

2 = .01)

.21**

−.04

1.0

    

4

FF exposure

USA > Scot > Nordic

F = 48.46***

2 = .09)

3 > 2 > 1

F = 2.59

2 = .001)

F > M

F = 16.87***

2 = .02)

.07*

.13**

.13**

1.0

   

5

BF Subj. norm

Nordic > USA > Scot

F = 4.89**

2 = .01)

2 > 3 > 1

F = 1.68

2 = .003)

F > M

F = 6.63*

2 = .007)

.41***

.02

.21**

−.04

1.0

  

6

FF Subj. norm

Scot > USA > Nordic

F = 17.39***

2 = .03)

2 > 1 > 3

F = 1.60

2 = .003)

M > F

F = .30

2 = .001)

−.20

.28**

−.19**

.13**

−.14**

1.0

 

7

Feeding confidence

Nordic > USA > Scot

F = 14.93***

2 = .03)

3 > 2 > 1

F = .05

2 = .0001)

F > M

F = .67

2 = .001)

.18***

−.16***

.12***

−.03

.11**

−.03

1.0

  1. Scot Scotland, Nordic Finland, Sweden, Norway; Age Groups 1 = 12–13; 2 = 14–15; 3 = 16–18; Sex: F Female, M Male; Partial η2 shown as η2; BF Breastfeeding; FF Formula Feeding Subj. norm = subjective norm ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05