Omega-3 supplementation from pregnancy to postpartum to prevent depressive symptoms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Vaz, Juliana dos Santos; Farias, Dayana Rodrigues; Adegboye, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim; Nardi, Antonio Egidio; Kac, Gilberto

doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1365-x

Table 6 Longitudinal effect of fish oil (EPA and DHA) supplementation on EPDS score during pregnancy^a and postpartum^b

From: Omega-3 supplementation from pregnancy to postpartum to prevent depressive symptoms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

	Model 1^c	p ^f	Model 2^d	p ^f
	β^e (95% CI)	p ^f	β^e (95% CI)	p ^f
Overall sample
Intention-to-treat
Supplement (Control vs. Fish oil)	0.597 (−1.771–2.965)	0.621	0.761 (−1.678–3.201)	0.541
Time
T1 vs. T2	−0.480 (−2.166–1.157)	0.566	−0.481 (−2.119–1.157)	0.565
T1 vs. T3	−0.894 (−2.532–0.743)	0.284	−0.890 (−2.528–0.748)	0.287
Interaction terms Time # Supplement
T2 # Fish oil	−0.745 (−3.061–1.570)	0.528	−0.734 (−3.051–1.583)	0.535
T3 # Fish oil	−1.647 (−3.959–0.665)	0.163	−1.651 (−3.963–0.662)	0.162
Per protocol
Supplement (Control vs. Fish oil)	2.620 (−0.642–5.881)	0.115	2.446 (−0.859–5.752)	0.147
Time
T1 vs. T2	−0.172 (−2.368–2.024)	0.877	−0.160 (−2.294–1.989)	0.884
T1 vs. T3	−1.189 (−3.435–1.056)	0.299	−1.172 (−3.470–1.126)	0.318
Interaction terms – Time # Supplement
T2 # Fish oil	−0.850 (−4.058–2.357)	0.603	−0.864 (−4.003–2.276)	0.590
T3 # Fish oil	−1.189 (−4.468–2.089)	0.477	−1.260 (−4.613–2.093)	0.461
Women with previous history of depression
Intention-to-treat
Supplement (Control vs. Fish oil)	1.210 (2.033–4.453)	0.465	1.175 (−2.052–4.401)	0.475
Time
T1 vs. T2	0.054 (−2.011–2.120)	0.959	0.053 (−2.008–2.114)	0.960
T1 vs. T3	0.834 (−1.242–2.910)	0.431	0.843 (−1.238–2.924)	0.427
Interaction terms Time # Supplement
T2 # Fish oil	−0.337 (−3.471–2.796)	0.833	−0.306 (−3.432–2.820)	0.848
T3 # Fish oil	−3.484 (−6.567 – −0.401)	0.027	−3.441 (−6.532– −0.350)	0.029
Per protocol
Supplement (Control vs. Fish oil)	3.466 (−0.497–7.429)	0.087	3.623 (−0.192–7.438)	0.063
Time
T1 vs. T2	0.099 (−2.586–2.785)	0.942	0.101 (−2.584–2.786)	0.941
T1 vs. T3	−0.098 (−2.785–2.589)	0.943	−0.101 (−2.788–2.587)	0.941
Interaction terms – Time # Supplement
T2 # Fish oil	−0.474 (−4.502–3.555)	0.818	−0.476 (−4.503–3.552)	0.817
T3 # Fish oil	−2.398 (−6.429–1.632)	0.244	−2.400 (−6.431–1.631)	0.243

EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, CI confidence interval, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid
^aPregnancy period comprised T1 (22–24 gestational weeks) and T2 (30–32 gestational weeks);
^bPostpartum period comprised T3 (between 4 and 6 weeks’ postpartum);
^cModel 1 was adjusted for the interaction between time (T1 - T3) and fish oil supplement;
^dModel 2 was additionally adjusted for gestational age, parity, education, skin color and early pre-pregnancy BMI;
^eβ = Linear Mixed Effect (LME) coefficient
^fp–value refers to maximum likelihood estimator.

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