Omega-3 supplementation from pregnancy to postpartum to prevent depressive symptoms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Table 5 Random-intercept longitudinal logistic regression of fish oil (EPA and DHA) supplementation on depressive symptoms (EPDS score ≥ 11) during pregnancy^a and postpartum^b

	Model 1^c	p ^f	Model 2^d	p ^f
	OR^e (95% CI)	p ^f	β^e (95% CI)	p ^f
Overall sample
Intention-to-treat
Supplement (Control vs. Fish oil)	3.338 (0.347–32.122)	0.297	3.376 (0.220–51.757)	0.382
Time
T1 vs. T2	0.848 (0.092–7.776)	0.884	1.566 (0.195–12.572)	0.673
T1 vs. T3	0.119 (0.001–10.666)	0.353	0.722 (0.037–14.110)	0.830
Interaction terms Time # Supplement
T2 # Fish oil	0.375 (0.023–6.094)	0.491	0.334 (0.023–4.871)	0.423
T3 # Fish oil	0.112 (0.001–8.946)	0.328	0.137 (0.005–3.824)	0.242
Women with previous history of depression
Intention-to-treat
Supplement (Control vs. Fish oil)	2.812 (0.183–43.201)	0.458	2.833 (0.223–36.012)	0.422
Time
T1 vs. T2	2.358 (0.188–29.622)	0.506	2.404 (0.240–24.095)	0.456
T1 vs. T3	1.878 (0.066–53.242)	0.712	1.848 (0.084–40.854)	0.697
Interaction terms Time # Supplement
T2 # Fish oil	0.237 (0.007–7.951)	0.422	0.239 (0.008–7.052)	0.407
T3 # Fish oil	0.034 (0.0001–7.597)	0.221	0.033 (0.0002–6.986)	0.213

Per-protocol analysis had a reduced sample size and were not presented due to imprecise results.
EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, CI confidence interval, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid
^aPregnancy period comprised T1 (22–24 gestational weeks - randomized clinical trial baseline) and T2 (30–32 gestational weeks);
^bPostpartum period comprised T3 (between 4 and 6 weeks’ postpartum);
^cModel 1 was adjusted for the interaction between time (T1 - T3) and fish oil supplement;
^dModel 2 was additionally adjusted for gestational age, parity, education, skin color and early pre-pregnancy BMI;
^eOR = Logistic Mixed Effect odds ratio
^fp-value refers to maximum likelihood estimator.

ISSN: 1471-2393