Table 4 Characteristics of included instruments
Name of Instrument/Acronym | Items | Dimensions/subscales | Response | Timeframe to answer the questionnaire | Quest-ionnaire available |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Childbirth Trauma Index for Adolescents/CTI [22] | 14-items | No | 4- point Likert scale and rating of birth experience between 0 and 10 | 1–3 days postpartum | No |
The Childbirth Experience Perception Scale/CEPS [26] | 24-items | 3 subscales; Labour and Delivery Perception, Control Perception, and Change Perception. | 6-point Likert scale | 24–48 h postpartum | No |
The Childbirth experience questionnaire/CEQ [34] | 22-items | 4 dimensions; Own capacity, Professional support, Perceived safety, and Participant | 4- point Likert scale and VAS | 1 month postpartum | Yes |
The survey of Bangladeshi women’s experiences of maternity services/SBWEMS [41] | 72- items | 3 subscales; Ante- (33 items), Peri- (15 items), Post-natal (24 items) | Yes/No, Likert scales and Multiple choice options | 2 month postpartum | Yes |
the Birth Companion Support Questionnaire/BCSQ [42] | 17-items | 2 subscales; Emotional support, tangible support | 4-point Likert scale | On postnatal ward before discharge | No |
25-items | 5 subscales; Labor Experience, Delivery Experience, Delivery Outcome, Partner Participation, and Awareness | 5-point Likert scale | 1–2 days after birth | No | |
The Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire/BirthMARQ [30] | 23-itmes | 6 dimensions; Emotional memory, centrality of memory to identity, Coherence, Reliving, Involuntary recall, and Sensory memory | 7-point Likert scale | Within 1 year after giving birth | Yes |
The Support and Control in Birth Questionnaire/SCIB [25] | 33-items | 3 subscales; Internal control (10 items), external control (11 items), Support (12 items) | 5-point Likert scale | On average, 1 year after birth | Yes |
Women’s satisfaction with maternity care/WSMC [43] | 44-items | 11 dimensions | Likert scales and Multiple choice options | 2 month postpartum | Yes |
The Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction-normal birth/SMMS-normal birth [44] | 43-items | 10 subscales; perception of health professionals, nursing/midwifery care in labour, comforting, information and involvement in decision making, meeting baby, postpartum care, hospital room, hospital facilities, respect for privacy, meeting expectations | 5-point Likert scale | Within 24 h | No |
The Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction- Caesarean birth/SMMS-caesarean birth [44] | 42-items | 10 subscales; perception of health professionals, preparation for caesarean, comforting, information and involvement in decision making, meeting baby, postpartum care, hospital room, hospital facilities, respect for privacy, meeting expectations | 5-point Likert scale | Within 72 h | No |
The Labor and Delivery Index/LADY-X [45] | 7-items | 7 domains; Availability, Information, Needs, Emotional support, Worries, Safety, time to first contact with baby | 3-point Likert scale | 6–8 weeks postpartum | Yes |
The Labour Agentry Scale/LAS [46] | 29-items | No | 7-point Likert scale | Within 72 h postpartum | No |
10-items | 3 subscales: Quality of care provision (4 items), women’s personal attributes (2 items), stress experienced during labour (4 items). | 5-point Likert scale | Within 10 days postpartum | Yes | |
The Early Labour Experience Questionnaire/ELEQ [47] | 22-items | 3 subscales: Emotional Well-Being (8), Emotional Distress (8), Perception of Nursing Care (6) | 5-point Likert scale | During postpartum stay at hospital | Yes |
The Labor and Delivery Satisfaction Index/LADSI [31] | 38-items | No | 6-point Likert scale | 2 days postpartum and 4.6 weeks postpartum | Yes |
Women’s delivery experience measures/MFRM [32] | 31-items | 7 dimensions | 4-point Likert scale | 24–48 h postpartum | No |
The maternal satisfaction scale for caesarean section/MSS-caesarean section [35] | 22-items | 3 subscales: Anaesthetic (6 items), Side-effects (6 items), Atmosphere (10 items) | 7-point Likert scale | Not reported | Yes |
The Satisfaction with childbirth experience questionnaire/SWCBE [48] | 32-items | No | 5-point Likert scale | Not reported | Yes |
Women’s Perception of Control during Childbirth/PCCB [48] | 23-items | No | 5-point Likert scale | Not reported | Yes |
The Childbirth Schema Scale/CSS [33] | 16-item pairs | 3 factors: Emotions of outcome (6 items), Sensation of the work of childbirth (4 items), Time (3 items), Preparation for control (3 items) | 7-point Likert scale | 1 month before and 2 weeks after birth | No |
Satisfaction with obstetrical care/SSO [49] | 49- items | 5 dimensions: Nurse (14), doctor (14), anaesthetist (5), environment (9), global satisfaction (7) | 10-point Likert scale | 48 h postpartum | Yes |
The Preterm Birth Experience and Satisfaction Scale/P-BESS [50] | 17-items | 3 dimensions: Staff professionalism and empathy, Information and explanations, Confidence in staff | 5-point Likert scale | Up to 12 months postpartum | No |
The Responsivness in Perinatal and Obstetric Health Care Questionnaire/ReproQ [36] | 40-items | 8 domains: Dignity, Autonomy, Confidentiality, Communication, Prompt attention, Social consideration, Basic amenities, Choice and continuity. | Not reported | 6 weeks postpartum | Yes |
Women’s Satisfaction With Hospital-Based Intrapartum Care Scale [51] | 14-items | 3 dimensions: Interpersonal care (5 items), Information and decision making (4 items), Physical birth environment (5 items) | Not reported | 2 months postpartum | No |
Patient Perception Score/PPS [52] | 3-items | 3 items; communication, respect and safety | 5-point Likert scale | Within 24 h of birth | yes |
Pregnancy- and maternity-care patients’ experiences questionnaire./PreMaPEQ [38] | 145-items in total | 4 parts in the questionnaire. One of these is Birth and have 3 subscales: Personal relationships in the delivery ward, Resources and organisation in the delivery ward, Attention to partner in the delivery ward. | 5 point Likert scal for single items and index scores were transformed linearly to a scale of 0–100. | From 17 weeks after birth | Yes |
Women’s View of Birth Labour Satisfaction Questionnaire/WOMBLSQ [53] | Not reported | 10 dimensions in addition to general satisfaction | Not reported | Within 10 days of birth | No |
The perceived Control in Childbirth Scale/PCCh [54] | 12- items | No | 6-point Likert scale | Prior to discharge | Yes |
The Satisfaction with Childbirth Scale/SWCh [54] | 7-items | No | 7-point Likert scale | Prior to discharge | Yes |
The Pregnancy and Childbirth Questionnaire/PCQ [55] | 25-items | Two scales: 18-items referring to pregnancy, 7-items referring to personal treatment during delivery. | 5-point Likert scale | Within 6 weeks of birth | No |
The Childbirth Perception Scale/CPS [39] | 12-items | 2 dimensions; Perception of delivery (6-items), perception of first postpartum week (6-items) | 4-point Likert scale | 7 days postpartum | Yes |
The Scale of Women’s Perception for Supportive Care Given During Labor [56] | 33-items | 3 subdimensions: Comfortable Behaviours (15-items), Education (8-items), Disturbing Behaviours (10 items) | 4-point Likert scale | Not reported | No |
The Delivery Fear Scale/DFS [57] | 10-items | No | 10-point scale | During any moment of labor and delivery | Yes |
The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire/W-DEQ [40] | 29-items | No | 6-point Likert scale | Within 2 h of birth and 5 weeks after birth | Yes |
The Parental Satisfaction and Quality Indicators of Perinatal Care Instrument [58, 59] | Intra-partum scale: 37 items Post-natal scale include an addit-ional 7 items | 3 scales: The Prenatal, The Intrapartum, The Postnatal Scale 8 domains: Structure and processes of care, physical aspects of care, psychological and psychiatric aspects of care, social aspects of care, spiritual, religious, and existential aspects of care, cultural aspects of care, care of the imminently dying patient, and ethical and legal aspects of care. | 7-point Likert scale | Not reported | No |