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Table 3 Weighted pooled odds ratio meta-analyses on the effectiveness of GDM treatments (n = 278)

From: Healthcare interventions for the prevention and control of gestational diabetes mellitus in China: a scoping review

Complication

Odds ratio (95% CI)(N studies)

 

GMD Health interventions in China

 

Dietary

Exercise

Medication

Health education

Psychological

Combination

Overall

   

Western medication

Chinese traditional medication

ICTWMI

  

DE

DEM

DEMHP

 

Gestational hypertension

0.28***

0.53

0.39***

n/a

0.55

0.28**

0.33***

0.28 ***

0.24 ***

0.26***

0.29***

(0.21, 0.37)

(0.14, 1.95)

(0.32, 0.49)

(0.12, 2.58)

(0.12, 0.67)

(0.19, 0.57)

(0.21, 0.38)

(0.16, 0.36)

(0.23, 0.31)

(0.27, 0.33)

(24)

(1)

(41)

(1)

(4)

(5)

(14)

(11)

(67)

(168)

Polyhydramnios

0.2***

0.13

0.36***

0.24**

0.33*

0.21*

0.31**

0.23***

0.31***

0.23***

0.27***

 

(0.13, 0.30)

(0.01, 1.16)

(0.29, 0.44)

(0.08, 0.70)

(0.110.99)

(0.04, 0.99)

(0.15, 0.65)

(0.16, 0.34)

(0.22, 0.43)

(0.19, 0.27)

(0.24, 0.30)

(13)

(1)

(38)

(1)

(2)

(2)

(4)

(13)

(14)

(56)

(144)

Caesarean section

0.34***

0.67

0.49***

0.31***

n/a

0.10***

0.32

0.28***

0.36***

0.43***

0.39***

 

(0.28, 0.41)

(0.34, 1.34)

(0.41, 0.58)

(0.17, 0.57)

(0.03, 0.38)

(0.08, 1.32)

(0.23, 0.35)

(0.24, 0.53)

(0.38, 0.48)

(0.37, 0.42)

(18)

(2)

(33)

(2)

(1)

(1)

(16)

(8)

(54)

(135)

Fetal distress

0.27***

0.13

0.28***

0.28

0.22

n/a

0.54

0.29***

0.2***

0.24***

0.26***

 

(0.19, 0.38)

(0.01, 1.16)

(0.16, 0.50)

(0.06, 1.42)

(0.02, 2.12)

(0.18, 1.65)

(0.19, 0.44)

(0.11, 0.34)

(0.20, 0.31)

(0.22, 0.30)

(9)

(1)

(9)

(1)

(1)

(2)

(9)

(7)

(36)

(75)

Premature rupture of fetal membranes

0.27***

0.39

0.47*

n/a

n/a

0.27**

0.27**

0.24***

0.47***

0.33***

0.33***

 

(0.18, 0.40)

(0.09, 1.61)

(0.26, 0.86)

(0.10, 0.72)

(0.11, 0.67)

(0.13, 0.43)

(0.30, 0.74)

(0.25, 0.42)

(0.28, 0.39)

(6)

(1)

(7)

(2)

(2)

(5)

(7)

(26)

(56)

Preeclampsia

n/a

n/a

2.07

0.53

0.38

n/a

0.23

0.25***

0.10*

0.18***

0.34***

 

(0.52, 8.31)

(0.27, 1.02)

(0.14, 1.03)

(0.02, 2.16)

(0.11, 0.58)

(0.01, 0.89)

(0.08, 0.40)

(0.24, 0.49)

(1)

(2)

(1)

(1)

(3)

(1)

(4)

(13)

Macrosomia

0.23***

0.47

0.22***

0.38**

0.21**

0.16***

0.48*

0.20***

0.28***

0.25***

0.25***

 

(0.19, 0.29)

(0.11, 1.99)

(0.17, 0.28)

(0.20, 0.76)

(0.07, 0.61)

(0.05, 0.47)

(0.24, 0.94)

(0.14, 0.30)

(0.20, 0.40)

(0.21, 0.30)

(0.22, 0.29)

(27)

(1)

(35)

(2)

(1)

(3)

(3)

(12)

(12)

(74)

(170)

Premature delivery

0.25***

0.27*

0.75

0.46*

0.37

0.42

0.58

0.20***

0.24***

0.26***

0.28***

 

(0.18, 0.34)

(0.08, 0.86)

(0.44, 1.25)

(0.25, 0.84)

(0.12, 1.20)

(0.18, 1.03)

(0.24, 1.36)

(0.14, 0.29)

(0.16, 0.37)

(0.22, 0.31)

(0.25, 0.31)

(14)

(2)

(7)

(2)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(13)

(9)

(54)

(107)

Asphyxia neonatorum

0.29***

0.47

0.29***

0.27**

0.18*

0.65

n/a

0.24***

0.19***

0.20***

0.24***

 

(0.20, 0.44)

(0.11, 1.99)

(0.18, 0.45)

(0.11, 0.65)

(0.04, 0.89)

(0.11, 4.08)

(0.10, 0.55)

(0.12, 0.31)

(0.15, 0.27)

(0.20, 0.28)

(10)

(1)

(12)

(2)

(1)

(1)

(4)

(9)

(33)

(73)

Hypoglycemia

0.18***

0.47

0.18***

n/a

n/a

0.20*

0.12

0.12***

0.27***

0.25***

0.20***

 

(0.11, 0.31)

(0.11, 1.99)

(0.13, 0.27)

(0.05, 0.73)

(0.01, 1.04)

(0.08, 0.19)

(0.16, 0.45)

(0.19, 0.32)

(0.17, 0.24)

(8)

(1)

(19)

(2)

(1)

(8)

(6)

(23)

(68)

Hyperbilirubinemia

0.54

n/a

0.17***

n/a

0.28

n/a

n/a

0.22***

0.20***

0.31***

0.23***

 

(0.19, 1.52)

(0.13, 0.22)

(0.05, 1.53)

(0.13, 0.39)

(0.13, 0.30)

(0.25, 0.40)

(0.20, 0.27)

(2)

(29)

(1)

(4)

(8)

(21)

(65)

  1. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001