Complication | Odds ratio (95% CI)(N studies) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GMD Health interventions in China | |||||||||||
Dietary | Exercise | Medication | Health education | Psychological | Combination | Overall | |||||
Western medication | Chinese traditional medication | ICTWMI | DE | DEM | DEMHP | ||||||
Gestational hypertension | 0.28*** | 0.53 | 0.39*** | n/a | 0.55 | 0.28** | 0.33*** | 0.28 *** | 0.24 *** | 0.26*** | 0.29*** |
(0.21, 0.37) | (0.14, 1.95) | (0.32, 0.49) | (0.12, 2.58) | (0.12, 0.67) | (0.19, 0.57) | (0.21, 0.38) | (0.16, 0.36) | (0.23, 0.31) | (0.27, 0.33) | ||
(24) | (1) | (41) | (1) | (4) | (5) | (14) | (11) | (67) | (168) | ||
Polyhydramnios | 0.2*** | 0.13 | 0.36*** | 0.24** | 0.33* | 0.21* | 0.31** | 0.23*** | 0.31*** | 0.23*** | 0.27*** |
(0.13, 0.30) | (0.01, 1.16) | (0.29, 0.44) | (0.08, 0.70) | (0.110.99) | (0.04, 0.99) | (0.15, 0.65) | (0.16, 0.34) | (0.22, 0.43) | (0.19, 0.27) | (0.24, 0.30) | |
(13) | (1) | (38) | (1) | (2) | (2) | (4) | (13) | (14) | (56) | (144) | |
Caesarean section | 0.34*** | 0.67 | 0.49*** | 0.31*** | n/a | 0.10*** | 0.32 | 0.28*** | 0.36*** | 0.43*** | 0.39*** |
(0.28, 0.41) | (0.34, 1.34) | (0.41, 0.58) | (0.17, 0.57) | (0.03, 0.38) | (0.08, 1.32) | (0.23, 0.35) | (0.24, 0.53) | (0.38, 0.48) | (0.37, 0.42) | ||
(18) | (2) | (33) | (2) | (1) | (1) | (16) | (8) | (54) | (135) | ||
Fetal distress | 0.27*** | 0.13 | 0.28*** | 0.28 | 0.22 | n/a | 0.54 | 0.29*** | 0.2*** | 0.24*** | 0.26*** |
(0.19, 0.38) | (0.01, 1.16) | (0.16, 0.50) | (0.06, 1.42) | (0.02, 2.12) | (0.18, 1.65) | (0.19, 0.44) | (0.11, 0.34) | (0.20, 0.31) | (0.22, 0.30) | ||
(9) | (1) | (9) | (1) | (1) | (2) | (9) | (7) | (36) | (75) | ||
Premature rupture of fetal membranes | 0.27*** | 0.39 | 0.47* | n/a | n/a | 0.27** | 0.27** | 0.24*** | 0.47*** | 0.33*** | 0.33*** |
(0.18, 0.40) | (0.09, 1.61) | (0.26, 0.86) | (0.10, 0.72) | (0.11, 0.67) | (0.13, 0.43) | (0.30, 0.74) | (0.25, 0.42) | (0.28, 0.39) | |||
(6) | (1) | (7) | (2) | (2) | (5) | (7) | (26) | (56) | |||
Preeclampsia | n/a | n/a | 2.07 | 0.53 | 0.38 | n/a | 0.23 | 0.25*** | 0.10* | 0.18*** | 0.34*** |
(0.52, 8.31) | (0.27, 1.02) | (0.14, 1.03) | (0.02, 2.16) | (0.11, 0.58) | (0.01, 0.89) | (0.08, 0.40) | (0.24, 0.49) | ||||
(1) | (2) | (1) | (1) | (3) | (1) | (4) | (13) | ||||
Macrosomia | 0.23*** | 0.47 | 0.22*** | 0.38** | 0.21** | 0.16*** | 0.48* | 0.20*** | 0.28*** | 0.25*** | 0.25*** |
(0.19, 0.29) | (0.11, 1.99) | (0.17, 0.28) | (0.20, 0.76) | (0.07, 0.61) | (0.05, 0.47) | (0.24, 0.94) | (0.14, 0.30) | (0.20, 0.40) | (0.21, 0.30) | (0.22, 0.29) | |
(27) | (1) | (35) | (2) | (1) | (3) | (3) | (12) | (12) | (74) | (170) | |
Premature delivery | 0.25*** | 0.27* | 0.75 | 0.46* | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 0.20*** | 0.24*** | 0.26*** | 0.28*** |
(0.18, 0.34) | (0.08, 0.86) | (0.44, 1.25) | (0.25, 0.84) | (0.12, 1.20) | (0.18, 1.03) | (0.24, 1.36) | (0.14, 0.29) | (0.16, 0.37) | (0.22, 0.31) | (0.25, 0.31) | |
(14) | (2) | (7) | (2) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (13) | (9) | (54) | (107) | |
Asphyxia neonatorum | 0.29*** | 0.47 | 0.29*** | 0.27** | 0.18* | 0.65 | n/a | 0.24*** | 0.19*** | 0.20*** | 0.24*** |
(0.20, 0.44) | (0.11, 1.99) | (0.18, 0.45) | (0.11, 0.65) | (0.04, 0.89) | (0.11, 4.08) | (0.10, 0.55) | (0.12, 0.31) | (0.15, 0.27) | (0.20, 0.28) | ||
(10) | (1) | (12) | (2) | (1) | (1) | (4) | (9) | (33) | (73) | ||
Hypoglycemia | 0.18*** | 0.47 | 0.18*** | n/a | n/a | 0.20* | 0.12 | 0.12*** | 0.27*** | 0.25*** | 0.20*** |
(0.11, 0.31) | (0.11, 1.99) | (0.13, 0.27) | (0.05, 0.73) | (0.01, 1.04) | (0.08, 0.19) | (0.16, 0.45) | (0.19, 0.32) | (0.17, 0.24) | |||
(8) | (1) | (19) | (2) | (1) | (8) | (6) | (23) | (68) | |||
Hyperbilirubinemia | 0.54 | n/a | 0.17*** | n/a | 0.28 | n/a | n/a | 0.22*** | 0.20*** | 0.31*** | 0.23*** |
(0.19, 1.52) | (0.13, 0.22) | (0.05, 1.53) | (0.13, 0.39) | (0.13, 0.30) | (0.25, 0.40) | (0.20, 0.27) | |||||
(2) | (29) | (1) | (4) | (8) | (21) | (65) |