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Table 3 Effect of NFFD intervention on glucose regulation

From: The effect of a prenatal lifestyle intervention on glucose metabolism: results of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomized controlled trial

 

Intervention

Control

Intervention effect

(n = 281)

(n = 276)

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean diff.

95% CI

p-value

Adj. Mean diff.

95% CI

p-value

Glucose, fasting (mmol/L)

 Whole population

4.66

0.40

4.65

0.34

0.01

−0.05, 0.07

0.724

−0.00

−0.06, 0.06

0.912

  BMI < 25 kg/m2 a

4.56

0.34

4.61

0.32

−0.05

−0.11, 0.02

0.142

−0.04

−0.10, 0.03

0.239

  BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 b

4.87

0.45

4.74

0.37

0.13

−0.01, 0.26

0.059

0.11

−0.02, 0.25

0.094

Glucose, 2 h (mmol/L)

 Whole population

6.07

1.34

6.08

1.16

−0.01

−0.22, 0.21

0.964

0.030

−0.18, 0.24

0.776

  BMI < 25 kg/m2

5.84

1.15

6.03

1.09

−0.19

−0.42, 0.03

0.089

−0.16

−0.38, 0.07

0.175

  BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

6.59

1.57

6.20

1.32

0.39

−0.07, 0.85

0.099

0.30

−0.18, 0.77

0.217

Insulin (mU/l)

 Whole population

11.06

5.54

11.69

6.19

−0.63

−1.62, 0.36

0.210

−0.91

−1.79,-0.02

0.045

  BMI < 25 kg/m2

9.37

4.20

10.28

5.25

−0.91

−1.86, 0.04

0.060

−0.93

−0.03, 1.88

0.056

  BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

14.81

6.28

15.62

6.91

−0.80

−2.89, 1.28

0.446

−0.83

−2.97, 1.31

0.468

HOMA-IRc

 Whole population

2.34

1.30

2.45

1.41

−0.11

−0.34, 0.11

0.332

−0.18

−0.38, 0.03

0.089

  BMI < 25 kg/m2

1.92

0.94

2.13

1.35

−0.20

−0.41, 0.01

0.056

−0.21

−0.41, 0.01

0.056

  BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

3.25

1.50

3.35

1.70

−0.09

−0.60, 0.41

0.712

−0.11

−0.63, 0.42

0.692

Leptin (pmol/l)

 Whole population

2471.1

1254.1

2606.7

1215.1

−135.6

−342.7, 71.5

0.199

−207.8

−383.4, −32.1

0.021

  BMI < 25 kg/m2

2048.0

982.9

2251.7

971.4

−203.7

−398.0, −9.3

0.040

−201.7

−395.4, −7.9

0.041

  BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

3415.7

1283.7

3587.9

1286.0

−172.3

−577.7, 233.1

0.403

−256.9

−662.2, 148.4

0.212

  1. Hormone levels and HOMA-IR analyzed as continuous outcome variables using Student’s t-test for unadjusted comparison of intervention and control groups, and multiple regression analysis including age, smoking status, educational level and income at trial inclusion, and gestational length at time of testing
  2. aSubpopulation with pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m2: intervention group n = 195, control group n = 204
  3. bSubpopulation with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: intervention group n = 86, control group n = 72
  4. cHOMA-IR calculated as (insulin x fasting glucose)/22.5