Table 4 Multilevel logistic regression models of SBA retention among ANC Clients showing covariate blocks

 Blood pressure checked at least once during ANC

1.18

1.10–1.27

 Any urine test conducted during ANC

1.55

1.46–1.65

 Any blood test conducted during ANC

1.31

1.22–1.40

 Told about pregnancy complications during ANC

1.18

1.12–1.24

 Attended up to 4 ANC visits

1.57

1.50–1.65

 Received at least one tetanus injection during ANC

1.12

1.06–1.19

 Received ANC in health facility

0.88

0.82–0.96

 Has health insurance

1.79

1.57–2.04

1.92

1.69–2.19

 Lives in an urban area

3.31

3.08–3.56

3.88

3.60–4.18

 Belongs to the richest two wealth quintiles

1.89

1.78–2.02

2.01

1.89–2.14

 Partner has any primary education or higher

1.37

1.30–1.45

1.42

1.34–1.49

 Any primary education or higher

1.44

1.36–1.53

1.51

1.42–1.60

 Aged between 18 and 35 years

0.94

0.89–0.99

0.94

0.89–0.99

 Primiparous (first birth)

1.66

1.56–1.77

1.68

1.59–1.79

 Grand multiparous (more than 5 previous births)

0.84

0.80–0.89

0.84

0.79–0.88

 Benin

 Burkina Faso

0.11

0.08–0.14

0.09

0.07–0.11

0.08

0.06–0.11

 Burundi

0.20

0.16–0.24

0.09

0.07–0.11

0.08

0.06–0.09

 Cameroon

0.09

0.07–0.12

0.09

0.07–0.11

0.15

0.11–0.19

 Chad

0.02

0.02–0.03

0.02

0.01–0.02

0.01

0.01–0.02

 Comoros

0.52

0.39–0.68

0.44

0.33–0.59

0.48

0.35–0.65

 Congo

0.63

0.49–0.81

0.67

0.52–0.86

1.00

0.75–1.34

 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

0.06

0.04–0.07

0.04

0.03–0.05

0.05

0.04–0.06

 Ethiopia

0.01

0.01–0.01

0.01

0.01–0.01

0.01

0.01–0.01

 Gabon

0.26

0.20–0.35

0.26

0.19–0.35

0.77

0.57–1.05

 Gambia

0.06

0.05–0.08

0.07

0.06–0.09

0.08

0.06–0.10

 Ghana

0.07

0.05–0.09

0.08

0.06–0.11

0.18

0.14–0.24

 Ivory Coast

0.09

0.08–0.12

0.08

0.06–0.10

0.08

0.06–0.11

 Kenya

0.06

0.05–0.07

0.05

0.04–0.07

0.08

0.07–0.10

 Lesotho

0.16

0.13–0.20

0.17

0.13–0.21

0.23

0.18–0.30

 Liberia

0.06

0.05–0.08

0.06

0.05–0.08

0.07

0.05–0.09

 Madagascar

0.07

0.06–0.09

0.04

0.03–0.05

0.04

0.03–0.06

 Mali

0.20

0.16–0.26

0.15

0.12–0.19

0.12

0.09–0.17

 Mozambique

0.01

0.01–0.01

0.01

0.01–0.01

0.01

0.01–0.01

 Namibia

0.30

0.23–0.39

0.31

0.24–0.40

0.56

0.42–0.75

 Niger

0.05

0.04–0.06

0.03

0.02–0.04

0.02

0.02–0.03

 Nigeria

0.04

0.03–0.04

0.04

0.03–0.04

0.06

0.05–0.07

 Sierra Leone

0.08

0.06–0.10

0.09

0.07–0.11

0.08

0.06–0.10

 Swaziland

0.09

0.07–0.12

0.11

0.08–0.14

0.14

0.11–0.18

 Tanzania

0.05

0.04–0.07

0.04

0.03–0.05

0.05

0.04–0.06

 Togo

0.12

0.09–0.15

0.12

0.09–0.16

0.22

0.16–0.29

 Zambia

0.10

0.08–0.12

0.08

0.06–0.09

0.10

0.08–0.13

 Zimbabwe

0.05

0.04–0.06

0.04

0.03–0.06

0.09

0.07–0.13

Intercept

3.70

3.02–4.53

10.60

8.93–12.58

31.93

26.74–38.13

2.96

2.84–3.08

Cluster-level variance

1.31

1.24–1.39

1.38

1.31–1.46

2.46

2.34–2.58

3.83

3.66–4.01

Explained cluster-level variance in % (relative to empty model)

65.87

63.94

35.88

0.00

Intraclass correlation or ICC (cluster-level)

0.28

0.30

0.43

0.54

Wald Chi2

9,060.74

8,397.26

3,895.10

N

115,374

115,374

115,374

115,374