Table 1 Socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics of study population by number and timing of antenatal care visits (n = 921)
Characteristics | Total n (%) | ≤2visits n (%) | ≥3visits n (%) | p-value | ≤2visitsa n (%) | ≥4visitsb n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups (n = 919) | |||||||
15–30 | 632(68.8) | 72(59.0) | 560(70.3) | 0.01 | 194(61.2) | 438(72.8) | 0.0001 |
31–46 | 287(31.2) | 50(41.0) | 237(29.7) | 123(38.8) | 164(27.2) | ||
Number of people in the household (n = 917) | |||||||
0–6 | 748(81.6) | 86(70.5) | 662(83.3) | 0.001 | 244(77.2) | 504(83.9) | 0.01 |
7 or more | 169(18.4) | 36(29.5) | 133(16.7) | 72(22.8) | 97(16.1) | ||
Relationship with household head (n = 919) | |||||||
Not wife | 166(18.1) | 42(34.4) | 124(15.6) | 0.0001 | 74(33.3) | 92 (15.3) | 0.003 |
Wife | 753(81.9) | 80(65.6) | 673(84.4) | 243(76.7) | 510(84.7) | ||
Sex of the house hold head (n = 914) | |||||||
Female | 70(7.7) | 17(14.0) | 53(6.7) | 0.005 | 33(10.5) | 37(6.2) | 0.02 |
Male | 844(92.3) | 104(86.0) | 740(93.3) | 282(89.5) | 562(93.8) | ||
Marital status (n = 919) | |||||||
Single, divorced, widowed, separated | 145(15.8) | 37(30.3) | 108(13.6) | 0.0001 | 69(21.8) | 76(12.6) | 0.0001 |
Married or cohabitating | 774(84.2) | 85(69.7) | 689(86.4) | 248(78.2) | 526(87.4) | ||
Ever attended school (n = 913) | |||||||
Yes | 829(90.8) | 105(86.1) | 724(91.5) | 0.05 | 285(90.2) | 544(91.1) | 0.64 |
No | 84(9.2) | 17(13.9) | 67(8.5) | 31(9.8) | 53(8.9) | ||
Highest attained level of education (n = 830) | |||||||
Incomplete primary school | 416(50.1) | 59(55.7) | 357(49.3) | 167(58.2) | 249(45.9) | ||
Complete primary school or vocational training | 219(26.4) | 21(19.8) | 198(27.3) | 0.24 | 64(22.3) | 155(28.5) | 0.003 |
Secondary school or university | 195(23.5) | 26(24.5) | 169(23.3) | 56(19.5) | 139(25.6) | ||
Occupation (n = 907) | |||||||
Skilled work, civil servant, student | 119(13.1) | 16(13.2) | 103(13.1) | 40(12.8) | 79(13.3) | ||
Non skilled work | 528(58.2) | 66(54.5) | 462(58.8) | 0.62 | 186(59.6) | 342(57.5) | 0.82 |
Not employed, other occupation | 260(28.7) | 39(32.2) | 221(28.1) | 86(27.6) | 174(29.2) | ||
Social support (n = 919) | |||||||
Yes | 733(79.8) | 87(71.3) | 646(81.1) | 0.01 | 253(79.8) | 480(79.7) | 0.97 |
No | 186(20.2) | 35(28.7) | 151(18.9) | 64(20.2) | 122(20.3) | ||
Partner Characteristics | |||||||
Husband age (n = 775) | |||||||
≤ 40 | 667(86.1) | 61(72.6) | 606(87.7) | 0.0001 | 196(78.1) | 471(89.9) | 0.0001 |
41–70 | 108(13.9) | 23(27.4) | 85(12.3) | 55 (21.9) | 53(10.1) | ||
Husband ever attended school(n = 766) | |||||||
Yes | 667(87.0) | 69(84.1) | 598(87.3) | 0.42 | 212(85.1) | 455(87.8) | 0.29 |
No | 100(13.0) | 13(15.9) | 87(12.7) | 37(14.9) | 63(12.2) | ||
Highest level of education (n = 659) | |||||||
Incomplete primary school | 283(42.9) | 31(45.6) | 252(42.6) | 91(42.9) | 192(43.0) | ||
Complete primary school or vocational training | 248(37.6) | 28(41.2) | 220(37.2) | 0.32 | 92(43.4) | 156(34.9) | 0.02 |
Secondary school or university | 128(19.4) | 9(13.2) | 119(20.1) | 29(13.7) | 99(22.1) | ||
Husband’s occupation (n = 770) | |||||||
Skilled work, civil servant, student | 174(22.6) | 14(17.1) | 160(23.3) | 55(22.2) | 119(22.8) | ||
Non skilled work | 343(44.5) | 33(40.2) | 310(45.1) | 0.11 | 122(49.2) | 221(42.3) | 0.15 |
Not employed or other occupation | 253(32.9) 253 | 35(42.7) | 218(31.7) | 71(28.6) | 182(34.9) | ||
Total household monthly income (n = 861) | |||||||
< 17500FRW | 258(30.0) | 35(31.3) | 223(29.8) | 103(35.0) | 155(27.3) | ||
17501-35999FRW | 240(28.0) | 24(21.4) | 216(28.8) | 0.24 | 75(25.5) | 165(29.1) | 0.06 |
36000 or more FRW | 363(42.0) | 53(47.3) | 310(41.4) | 116(39.5) | 247(43.6) | ||
Household assets summary measure (n = 909) | |||||||
Improved (≥1 item) | 715(78.7) | 91(74.6) | 624(79.3) | 0.23 | 247(78.7) | 468(78.7) | 0.99 |
Poor (none of the items) | 194(21.3) | 31(25.4) | 163(20.7) | 67(21.3) | 127(21.3) | ||