Table 1 Comparisons of basic characteristics between groups of non-PPD and PPD
From: Risk factors for postpartum depression among Chinese women: path model analysis
Basic characteristics | Non- PPD | PPD | Chi-square test | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Maternal age(year) | ||||
< 25 | 42(5.1) | 12(20.3) | 22.342 | <0.001 |
25 ~ 29 | 378(45.9) | 24(40.7) | ||
≥ 30 | 403(49.0) | 23(39.0) | ||
Birth weight | ||||
< -2SD | 12(1.5) | 11(18.6) | 57.437 | <0.001 |
≥ -2SD | 811(98.5) | 48(81.4) | ||
Educational level | ||||
≤ junior school | 26(3.2) | 2(3.4) | 0.972 | 0.615 |
Senior school | 106(12.9) | 5(8.5) | ||
≥ college | 691(84.0) | 52(88.1) | ||
Average monthly family income(RMB) | ||||
≤ 2000 | 23(2.8) | 3(5.1) | 1.890 | 0.389 |
2001 ~ 5000 | 448(54.4) | 35(59.3) | ||
> 5000 | 352(42.8) | 21(35.6) | ||
Number of family inhabitants | ||||
≤ 3 | 172(20.9) | 17(28.8) | 2.048 | 0.152 |
> 3 | 651(79.1) | 42(71.2) | ||
Mode of delivery | ||||
Vaginal delivery | 496(60.3) | 34(57.6) | 0.160 | 0.689 |
Cesarean delivery | 327(39.7) | 25(42.4) | ||
Gestational hypertensive disorders | ||||
No | 817(99.3) | 55(93.2) | 12.988 | <0.001 |
Yes | 6(0.7) | 4(6.8) | ||
Gestational diabetes mellitus | ||||
No | 786(95.5) | 54(91.5) | 1.145 | 0.285 |
Yes | 37(4.5) | 5(8.5) | ||
Fetus number | ||||
Singleton | 807(98.1) | 50(84.7) | 30.745 | <0.001 |
Multiple | 16(1.9) | 9(15.3) | ||
Premature delivery | ||||
No | 791(96.1) | 48(81.4) | 22.764 | <0.001 |
Yes | 32(3.9) | 11(18.6) | ||
Initiation of breastfeeding | ||||
≤ 2 h | 558(67.8) | 26(44.1) | 13.861 | <0.001 |
> 2 h | 265(32.2) | 33(55.9) | ||
Passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||
No | 744(90.4) | 53(89.8) | 0.021 | 0.698 |
Yes | 79(9.6) | 6(10.2) | ||
Frequent exposure to mobile phone during pregnancy | ||||
No | 554(67.3) | 26(44.1) | 13.213 | <0.001 |
Yes | 269(32.7) | 33(55.9) | ||
History of cesarean section | ||||
No | 777(94.4) | 58(98.3) | 0.973 | 0.324 |
Yes | 46(5.6) | 1(1.7) | ||
Parity | ||||
Primiparous | 584(71.0) | 51(86.4) | 6.544 | 0.011 |
Multiparous | 239(29.0) | 8(13.6) | ||
Infant gender | ||||
Male | 430(52.2) | 32(54.2) | 0.087 | 0.768 |
Female | 393(47.8) | 27(45.8) | ||
Infant weight at 4 weeks | ||||
< -2SD | 10(1.2) | 14(23.7) | 97.085 | <0.001 |
≥ -2SD | 813(98.8) | 45(76.3) | ||
Mode of feeding | ||||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 681(82.7) | 36(61.0) | 25.598 | <0.001 |
Mixed feeding | 131(15.9) | 18(30.5) | ||
Formula feeding | 11(1.3) | 5(8.5) | ||
Infant illness within 4 weeks after childbirth | ||||
No | 767(93.2) | 46(78.0) | 15.658 | <0.001 |
Yes | 56(6.8) | 13(22.0) | ||