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Table 1 Distribution of descriptive variables by mode of delivery

From: Birth by caesarean section and school performance in Swedish adolescents- a population-based study

 

Unassisted VD

Assisted VD

Elective CS

Emergency CS

Total Population

1036424 (84.51)

78441 (6.40)

52107 (4.25)

59357 (4.84)

Poor grade

138202 (13.33)

8880 (11.32)

7064 (13.56)

8203 (13.82)

Gender (Male)

522988 (50.46)

45361 (57.83)

26165 (50.21)

32357 (54.51)

Maternal age

 <20

30367 (2.93)

2679 (3.42)

698 (1.34)

1551 (2.61)

 21–29

633991 (61.17)

50482 (64.36)

24004 (46.07)

33689 (56.76)

 31–39

356370 (34.38)

24176 (30.82)

2486 (47.71)

22406 (37.75)

 40+

15696 (1.51)

1104 (1.41)

2545 (4.88)

1711 (2.88)

First born child

599463 (57.84)

69919 (89.14)

31350 (60.16)

44922 (75.68)

Smoking at time of first antenatal visit

 None

704557 (67.98)

52772 (67.28)

35328 (67.80)

39483 (66.52)

 1–9 Cigarettes/day

148178 (14.30)

11924 (15.20)

7746 (14.87)

9586 (16.15)

 10+ Cigarettes/day

91075 (8.79)

6401 (8.16)

4979 (9.56)

5864 (9.88)

 Missing

92614 (8.94)

7344 (9.36)

4054 (7.78)

4424 (7.45)

SGA

20383 (1.97)

2178 (2.78)

2969 (5.70)

5017 (8.45)

LGA

31455 (3.03)

2279 (2.91)

2996 (5.75)

2605 (4.39)

Parental education

 Pre-Highschool

34151 (3.30)

209 (2.67)

1878 (3.60)

2342 (3.95)

 Highschool

232551 (22.44)

17107 (21.81)

11862 (22.76)

15568 (26.23)

 Post-Highschool

151078 (14.58)

12916 (16.47)

8555 (16.42)

10506 (17.70)

 Missing

9145 (0.88)

680 (0.87)

344 (0.66)

703 (1.18)

 Born Prior to 1990

609499 (58.81)

45647 (58.19)

29468 (56.55)

30238 (50.94)

Parental income

 First

201292 (19.42)

8839 (11.27)

8943 (17.16)

9095 (15.32)

 Second

210046 (20.27)

9836 (12.54)

10020 (19.23)

9407 (15.85)

 Third

209679 (20.23)

13499 (17.21)

10215 (19.60)

10713 (18.05)

 Fourth

204240 (19.71)

19267 (24.56)

10316 (19.80)

13159 (22.17)

 Fifth

191366 (18.46)

25526 (32.54)

11730 (22.51)

15816 (26.65)

 Missing

1981 (1.91)

1474 (1.88)

883 (1.69)

1167 (1.97)

Parental social welfare status

 Yes

84609 (8.16)

5597 (7.14)

4173 (8.10)

5490 (9.25)

 No

864190 (83.38)

65913 (83.03)

44174 (84.78)

50000 (84.24)

 Missing

19132 (1.85)

1416 (1.81)

858 (1.65)

1133 (1.91)

 Born Prior to 1983

68493 (6.61)

515 (7.03)

2902 (5.57)

2734 (4.61)

Apgar Score (5 min)

 Low (0–3)

1484 (0.14)

241 (0.31)

141 (0.27)

417 (0.70)

 Intermediate (4–6)

3375 (0.33)

1501 (1.91)

479 (0.92)

1836 (3.09)

 High (7–10)

1004980 (96.97)

75464 (96.20)

50105 (96.16)

55775 (93.97)

 Missing

26585 (2.57)

1235 (1.57)

1382 (2.65)

1329 (2.24)

Gestational age

 <37 Weeks

39384 (3.80)

1971 (2.51)

5941 (11.40)

10820 (18.23)

 37 Weeks

48430 (4.67)

2546 (3.25)

5923 (11.37)

4508 (7.59)

 38 Weeks

122702 (11.84)

6707 (8.55)

25006 (47.99)

7487 (12.61)

 39 Weeks

255027 (24.61)

15235 (19.42)

9990 (19.17)

8416 (14.18)

 40 Weeks

311130 (30.02)

23094 (29.44)

2714 (5.21)

11056 (18.63)

 >40 Weeks

257116 (24.81)

28678 (36.56)

2400 (4.61)

16892 (28.46)

 Missing

2635 (0.25)

210 (0.27)

133 (0.26)

178 (0.30)

Maternal Depression

 Never Diagnosed

952661 (91.92)

71714 (91.42)

46936 (90.08)

53615 (90.33)

 Diagnosed before birth

6051 (0.58)

457 (0.58)

584 (1.12)

540 (0.91)

 Diagnosed after birth

77712 (7.50)

6270 (7.99)

4587 (8.80)

5202 (8.76)

Maternal Non-affective Disorder

 Never Diagnosed

1026908 (99.08)

77638 (99.98)

51460 (98.76)

58644 (98.82)

 Diagnosed before birth

2392 (0.23)

227 (0.29)

209 (0.40)

201 (0.34)

 Diagnosed after birth

7124 (0.69)

576 (0.73)

438 (0.84)

501 (0.84)

Maternal Bipolar Disorder

 Never Diagnosed

1026027 (99.00)

77649 (98.99)

51507 (98.85)

58702 (98.90)

 Diagnosed before birth

818 (0.08)

82 (0.10)

80 (0.15)

61 (0.10)

 Diagnosed after birth

9579 (0.92)

710 (0.91)

520 (1.00)

594 (1.00)

Paternal Depression

 Never Diagnosed

983156 (94.86)

74367 (94.81)

49255 (94.53)

56114 (94.54)

 Diagnosed before birth

4697 (0.45)

309 (0.39)

309 (0.59)

325 (0.55)

 Diagnosed after birth

48571 (4.69)

3765 (4.80)

2543 (4.88)

2918 (4.92)

Paternal Non-affective Disorder

 Never Diagnosed

1028187 (99.21)

77816 (99.20)

51705 (99.23)

58823 (99.10)

 Diagnosed before birth

2360 (0.23)

171 (0.22)

134 (0.26)

167 (0.28)

 Diagnosed after birth

5877 (0.57)

454 (0.58)

268 (0.51)

367 (0.62)

Paternal Bipolar Disorder

 Never Diagnosed

1029320 (99.31)

77915 (99.33)

51703 (99.22)

58919 (99.26)

 Diagnosed before birth

805 (0.08)

65 (0.08)

68 (0.13)

43 (0.07)

 Diagnosed after birth

6299 (0.61)

461 (0.59)

336 (0.63)

395 (0.67)

Co-habitating with child's father

 Yes

894777 (86.33)

66362 (84.60)

45489 (87.30)

50855 (85.68)

 No

47235 (4.56)

4655 (5.93)

2389 (4.58)

3464 (5.84)

 Missing

94412 (9.11)

7424 (9.46)

4229 (8.12)

5038 (8.49)

Maternal Country of Birth

 Sweden

917862 (88.56)

69758 (88.93)

45638 (87.59)

51349 (86.51)

 Other Nordic

41385 (3.99)

2935 (3.74)

2327 (4.47)

2526 (4.26)

 Other

77170 (7.45)

5747 (7.33)

4141 (7.95)

5482 (9.24)

 Missing

7 (0.00)

1 (0.00)

1 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

Paternal Country of Birth

 Sweden

905824 (87.40)

68936 (87.88)

45771 (87.84)

51084 (86.06)

 Other Nordic

34953 (3.37)

2445 (3.12)

1910 (3.67)

2153 (3.63)

 Other

90567 (8.74)

6485 (8.27)

4155 (7.97)

5713 (9.62)

 Missing

5080 (0.49)

575 (0.70)

271 (0.52)

407 (0.69)

Natural science poor performance

298903 (28.43)

21026 (26.51)

15266 (28.86)

17513 (29.09)

Civics poor performance

408082 (38.81)

49818 (37.18)

32022 (39.47)

36182 (39.91)

Sports poor performance

70358 (6.79)

4365 (5.56)

3611 (6.93)

4048(6.82)

Arts poor performance

62182 (5.91)

3937 (4.96)

3223 (6.09)

3644 (6.05)

Swedish poor performance

68154 (6.48)

4196 (5.29)

3467 (6.55)

4297 (7.14)

  1. Abbreviations: VD vaginal delivery, CS Caesarean section, SGA small for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age