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Table 3 Logistic regression models for the use of folic acid supplements during pregnancya

From: Ethnic differences in folic acid supplement use in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway

 

Supplement users, n (%)

Unadjusted models

Adjusted Model 1

Adjusted Model 2

Adjusted Model 2, women with high school or less

Adjusted Model 2, women with college or university

 

n = 749, R 2 = 0.14

n = 749, R 2 = 0.17

n = 419, adj. R 2 = 0.20

n = 330, adj. R 2 = 0.09

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Ethnicity

 Europe

249 (65.7)

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 South Asia

84 (42.0)

0.38 (0.27; 0.54)

<0.001

0.42 (0.28; 0.61)

<0.001

0.59 (0.39; 0.90)

0.015

0.50 (0.28; 0.90)

0.020

0.60 (0.31; 1.19)

0.14

 Middle East

37 (29.4)

0.22 (0.14; 0.34)

<0.001

0.28 (0.22; 0.87)

<0.001

0.43 (0.25; 0.73)

0.002

0.32 (0.17; 0.61)

0.001

0.71 (0.25; 2.00)

0.51

 Africa

18 (29.0)

0.21 (0.12; 0.39)

<0.001

0.26 (0.14; 0.50)

<0.001

0.42 (0.21; 0.84)

0.014

0.31 (0.14; 0.69)

0.004

1.56 (0.25; 9.82)

0.63

 East Asia

19 (43.2)

0.40 (0.21; 0.75)

0.004

0.44 (0.22; 0.87)

0.018

0.69 (0.33; 1.44)

0.32

0.30 (0.10; 0.86)

0.025

1.80 (0.53; 6.04)

0.35

Age, years

-

0.99 (0.96; 1.02)

0.40

0.96 (0.92; 0.99)

0.019

0.96 (0.93; 0.998)

0.037

0.97 (0.93; 1.02)

0.28

0.94 (0.88; 0.996)

0.037

Parity

 0

214 (56.8)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

  ≥ 1

193 (44.5)

0.61 (0.46; 0.81)

<0.001

0.82 (0.59; 1.15)

0.25

0.80 (0.57; 1.12)

0.20

0.92 (0.57; 1.49)

0.73

0.65 (0.40; 1.07)

0.093

Planned pregnancy

 No

125 (48.3)

0.78 (0.58; 1.06)

0.11

0.88 (0.63; 1.22)

0.44

0.90 (0.64; 1.25)

0.51

0.93 (0.60; 1.44)

0.74

0.84 (0.50; 1.44)

0.53

 Yes

268 (54.4)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Educational level

 High school or less

188 (41.7)

0.45 (0.34; 0.60)

<0.001

0.64 (0.45; 0.91)

0.012

0.70 (0.49; 1.000)

0.050

    

 College or university

217 (61.3)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

     

Norwegian language skills

 Poor or quite poor

23 (23.5)

0.18 (0.11; 0.30)

<0.001

  

0.30 (0.17; 0.54)

<0.001

0.31 (0.16; 0.59)

<0.001

0.28 (0.07; 1.12)

0.072

 Average or quite good

72 (34.0)

0.31 (0.22; 0.43)

<0.001

  

0.51 (0.34; 0.76)

0.001

0.42 (0.25; 0.71)

0.001

0.62 (0.32; 1.22)

0.17

 Good

312 (62.5)

Reference

   

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 
  1. a By 17 to 19 weeks’ gestation. Unadjusted models were performed separately for each variable in the Table. Adjusted Model 1 included ethnicity, age, parity, planning of pregnancy and educational level. Adjusted Model 2 additionally included Norwegian language skills. Statistically significant findings (p < 0.05) are highlighted with bold