From: Factors associated with low birth weight in Nepal using multiple imputation
Variables | Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Underlying factors | |||
Wealth index | |||
Rich | 1.00 | 0.107 | |
Middle | 1.27 | 0.83, 1.96 | |
Poor | 1.50 | 1.03, 2.20 | |
Mother’s education | |||
Secondary/higher education | 1.00 | 0.107 | |
Primary education | 1.58 | 1.09, 2.27 | |
No education | 1.34 | 0.90, 2.00 | |
Women’s decision for health service utilization | |||
Women | 1.00 | 0.002* | |
Women and husband together | 1.54 | 1.03, 2.30 | |
Husband or others | 1.91 | 1.34, 2.72 | |
Ethnicity | |||
Relatively advantaged | 1.00 | 0.758 | |
Relatively disadvantaged (Janjati) | 0.88 | 0.61, 1.26 | |
Relatively disadvantaged (Dalit) | 1.00 | 0.67, 1.49 | |
Residence | |||
Urban | 1.00 | 0.466 | |
Rural | 1.12 | 0.82, 1.53 | |
Ecological region | |||
Terai | 1.00 | 0.289 | |
Hill | 1.29 | 0.89, 1.87 | |
Mountain | 1.37 | 0.87, 2.17 | |
Development region | |||
Central | 1.00 | 0.072 | |
Eastern | 1.63 | 1.03, 2.57 | |
Western | 1.09 | 0.64, 1.84 | |
Mid-western | 1.53 | 0.92, 2.57 | |
Far-western | 1.72 | 1.07, 2.78 | |
Proximate factors | |||
Body mass index (BMI) | |||
> 23.0 (Overweight) | 1.00 | 0.138 | |
18.5–23.0 (Normal) | 1.50 | 0.96, 2.33 | |
< 18.5 (Underweight) | 1.67 | 1.03, 2.71 | |
Birth interval | |||
No interval | 1.00 | 0.338 | |
< 24 months | 1.32 | 0.82, 2.15 | |
≥ 24 months | 0.96 | 0.69, 1.33 | |
ANC visit during pregnancy | |||
Four or more visits | 1.00 | 0.131 | |
One-three visits | 1.38 | 0.96, 1.98 | |
No visit | 1.83 | 0.96, 3.51 | |
Consumption of iron tablets during pregnancy | |||
Yes | 1.00 | 0.199 | |
No | 1.39 | 0.84, 2.30 | |
Smoke | |||
No | 1.00 | 0.247 | |
Yes | 1.47 | 0.75, 2.88 | |
Fuel | |||
Low polluting fuel | 1.00 | 0.023* | |
Highly polluting fuel | 1.56 | 1.07, 2.28 | |
Gestation and fetal growth factors | |||
Mother’s age at child’s birth (Years) | |||
≥ 30 | 1.00 | 0.970 | |
25–29 | 0.91 | 0.55, 1.51 | |
20–24 | 0.92 | 0.56, 1.50 | |
15–19 | 0.99 | 0.60, 1.66 | |
Parity | |||
Four and above | 1.00 | 0.748 | |
Two-three | 0.94 | 0.60, 1.48 | |
One | 0.84 | 0.51, 1.38 | |
Gender of baby | |||
Male | 1.00 | 0.379 | |
Female | 1.13 | 0.86, 1.48 |