| |
PUQEa
|
|---|
|
Total
|
Mild
|
Moderate
|
Severe
|
p-valueb
|
|---|
|
N = 712 n (%)
|
N = 62 n (%)
|
N = 439 n (%)
|
N = 210 n (%)
| |
|---|
|
Parity
|
|
0 previous live births
|
382 (53.7)
|
38 (61.3)
|
241 (54.9)
|
103 (49.0)
|
0.185
|
|
≥ 1 previous live births
|
327 (45.9)
|
24 (38.7)
|
197 (44.9)
|
106 (50.5)
| |
|
Age, years
|
|
Under 25
|
145 (20.4)
|
11 (17.7)
|
87 (19.8)
|
46 (21.9)
|
0.443
|
|
25–29
|
273 (38.3)
|
27 (43.5)
|
157 (35.8)
|
89 (42.4)
| |
|
30–39
|
281 (39.5)
|
23 (37.1)
|
187 (42.6)
|
71 (33.8)
| |
|
Over 40
|
13 (1.8)
|
1 (1.6)
|
8 (1.8)
|
4 (1.9)
| |
|
Body Mass Index (BMI) c
|
|
Underweight
|
33 (4.6)
|
2 (3.2)
|
23 (5.2)
|
8 (3.8)
|
0.615
|
|
Normal weight
|
421 (59.1)
|
44 (71.0)
|
253 (57.6)
|
124 (59.0)
| |
|
Overweight
|
139 (19.5)
|
10 (16.1)
|
86 (19.6)
|
42 (20.0)
| |
|
Obese
|
118 (16.6)
|
6 (9.7)
|
76 (17.3)
|
36 (17.1)
| |
|
Smoking
|
|
No
|
684 (96.1)
|
61 (98.4)
|
422 (96.1)
|
200 (95.2)
|
0.557
|
|
Yes
|
27 (3.8)
|
1 (1.6)
|
16 (3.6)
|
10 (4.8)
| |
|
Use of folic acid
|
|
Before and/or during pregnancy
|
673 (94.8)
|
57 (91.9)
|
419 (95.7)
|
197 (93.8)
|
0.270
|
|
No
|
37 (5.2)
|
5 (8.1)
|
19 (4.3)
|
13 (6.2)
| |
|
Marital status
|
|
Married/cohabitating
|
661 (92.8)
|
55 (88.7)
|
408 (92.9)
|
197 (93.8)
|
0.363
|
|
Not married/cohabiting
|
51 (7.2)
|
7 (11.3)
|
31 (7.1)
|
13 (6.2)
| |
|
Education d
|
|
Primary or secondary
|
219 (30.8)
|
16 (25.8)
|
127 (28.9)
|
76 (36.2)
|
0.230
|
|
Bachelor degree
|
292 (41.0)
|
25 (40.3)
|
183 (41.7)
|
84 (40.0)
| |
|
Master degree
|
170 (23.9)
|
20 (32.3)
|
110 (25.1)
|
40 (19.0)
| |
|
Other
|
30 (4.2)
|
1 (1.6)
|
19 (4.3)
|
10 (4.8)
| |
|
Work situation
|
|
Student
|
57 (8.0)
|
6 (9.7)
|
35 (8.0)
|
16 (7.6)
|
0.458
|
|
Employed
|
570 (80.1)
|
51 (82.3)
|
351 (80.0)
|
168 (80.0)
| |
|
Unemployed
|
53 (7.4)
|
1 (1.6)
|
32 (7.3)
|
19 (9.0)
| |
|
Other
|
32 (4.5)
|
4 (6.5)
|
21 (4.8)
|
7 (3.3)
| |
- Abbreviations: PUQE, 24 h Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis; NVP, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval
- Numbers do not always add up due to missing numbers
-
aAs classified by PUQE: mild: ≤6 points; moderate: 7–12 points; severe ≥13
-
bChi-square test or Fisher’s exact test when expected count was less than 5. Adjusted for all other variables in the table
-
cBody mass index (BMI) is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres
- underweight: <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; overweight: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, obese ≥30 kg/m2. Pre-pregnancy BMI is given
-
dPrimary: ≤10 years of education (the Norwegian compulsory primary + secondary school)
- secondary: 11-13 years (high school/upper secondary or vocational school)
