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Table 4 Potentially preventable factors at three levels that attributes to 54 maternal near misses (36 Iranians and 18 Afghans) at university hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 2012 to 2014

From: Afghan migrants face more suboptimal care than natives: a maternal near-miss audit study at university hospitals in Tehran, Iran

Preventable factors

Iranian

n (%)

Afghan

n (%)

Total

n (%)

Provider level

30 (83)

16 (89)

46 (85)

Inadequate antenatal care

7 (19)

3 (17)

10 (18)

Delayed referring/before stabilization

5 (14)

3 (17)

8 (15)

Inadequate initial assessment

15 (42)

10 (55)

25 (46)

Delayed recognition/misdiagnosis

15 (42)

16 (89)

31 (57)

Inappropriate care plan

23 (64)

11 (61)

34 (63)

Inadequate postpartum monitoring

4 (11)

3 (17)

7 (13)

Patient level

10 (28)

7 (39)

17 (31)

Inadequate knowledge

2 (5)

2 (11)

4 (7)

Financial constraints

3 (8)

3 (17)

6 (11)

Delayed care-seeking

5 (14)

3 (17)

8 (15)

Non-compliance with recommendation

4 (11)

4 (22)

8 (15)

Health system level

8 (22)

6 (33)

14 (26)

Costly care services

3 (8)

4 (22)

7 (13)

Non-functional referrals

1 (3)

1 (5)

2 (4)

Medication shortage

3 (8)

1 (5)

4 (7)

Unavailable intensive care unit beds

1 (3)

2 (11)

3 (5)