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Table 2 Seafood consumption and LCn-3PUFA supplement use by maternal characteristics. N = 67,007 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study 2002–2008

From: Maternal intake of seafood and supplementary long chain n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids and preterm delivery

 

Seafood consumption (g/day)

 

LCn-3PUFAb supplement use

 

0–5 (4.4%)

>5–20 (18.4%)

>20–40 (40.4%)

>40–60 (24.5%)

>60 (12.3%)

p-value a

No (32.9%)

Yes (67.1%)

p-value a

Continuous Variables (mean and standard deviation)

 Maternal age at delivery (years)

28 (5)

29 (5)

30 (4)

31 (4)

31 (5)

<0.001

30 (5)

30 (4)

<0.001

 Maternal height (m)b

1.67 (0.06)

1.68 (0.06)

1.68 (0.06)

1.68 (0.06)

1.68 (0.06)

<0.001

1.68 (0.06)

1.68 (0.06)

<0.001

 Prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2)c

24.4 (4.6)

24.2 (4.4)

24.0 (4.2)

23.9 (4.2)

23.9 (4.3)

<0.001

24.6 (4.6)

23.7 (4.0)

<0.001

 Total energy intake (MJ)

9.3 (2.8)

9.3 (2.5)

9.6 (2.5)

9.9 (2.5)

10.7 (2.9)

<0.001

9.7 (2.7)

9.7 (2.5)

0.216

 Lean fish (g/day)

0.5 (1.1)

8.1 (4.5)

18.0 (7.3)

28.3 (10.5)

37.0 (17.3)

<0.001

20.4 (14.5)

20.2 (13.2)

0.196

 Fatty fish (g/day)

0.5 (1.1)

4.0 (3.5)

8.6 (6.0)

15.4 (9.9)

34.4 (24.1)

<0.001

11.4 (14.1)

12.6 (14.1)

<0.001

 Shellfish (g/day)

0.3 (0.8)

1.9 (2.4)

3.3 (4.5)

4.5 (5.2)

6.8 (10.9)

<0.001

3.6 (6.0)

3.7 (5.2)

0.405

 LCn-3PUFAb from food (g/day)

0.09 (0.05)

0.21 (0.10)

0.36 (0.18)

0.57 (0.29)

1.18 (0.77)

<0.001

0.45 (0.45)

0.48 (0.44)

<0.001

 LCn-3PUFAb from supplements (g/day)

0.29 (0.54)

0.32 (0.51)

0.37 (0.54)

0.40 (0.58)

0.44 (0.62)

<0.001

0

0.56 (0.60)

<0.001

Discrete characteristics (%) b

 Nulliparous mother (%)

38.4

41.7

48.1

52.7

52.5

<0.001

39.5

57.9

<0.001

 Previous preterm delivery (%)

2.9

3.4

3.4

3.9

4.1

0.002

4.6

3.1

<0.001

 Single mother (%)

5.8

3.8

3.3

3.9

4.9

<0.001

4.7

3.5

<0.001

 Maternal smoking (%)c

14.2

8.8

7.3

7.5

8.9

<0.001

12.9

5.8

<0.001

 Maternal educationc

   ≤ 12 years

48.3

34.7

28.3

28.5

34.4

<0.001

43.2

25.2

<0.001

  13–16 years

33.2

40.2

43.3

42.8

38.2

37.4

43.6

   > 16 years

15.5

22.6

26.5

26.9

25.0

17.0

29.2

 Household income (annual)c

  Both partners < NOK 300,000

37.5

30.0

27.2

27.5

30.5

<0.001

34.3

24.2

<0.001

  One partner ≥ NOK 300,000

42.3

42.3

41.9

42.3

42.8

41.9

40.6

  Both partners ≥ NOK 300,000

20.2

27.7

30.8

30.1

26.7

20.0

32.2

  Planned pregnancyc

74.6

80.6

81.4

80.7

77.8

<0.001

76.6

82.2

<0.001

  1. a P value for difference: One-way analysis of variance for continuous variables, chi-square test for categorical variables
  2. bLCn-3PUFA: marine long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
  3. cMissing information prepregnant body mass index: 2.6%, maternal education: 2.1%, household income: 2.9%, planned pregnancy:1.1%
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