Do experiences with pregnancy, birth and postnatal care in Norway vary by the women’s geographic origin? a comparison of cross-sectional survey results

Sjetne, Ingeborg S.; Iversen, Hilde H.

doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1214-3

Table 3 Sample descriptives according to geographic origin (N = 4904)

From: Do experiences with pregnancy, birth and postnatal care in Norway vary by the women’s geographic origin? a comparison of cross-sectional survey results

	Norway		W Europe, N America, Oceania		Eastern Europe		Asia, Turkey, Africa, S America		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	p for differences^a
Age (years)											≤0.001
≤ 25	803	19.9	32	13.7	70	24.1	52	14.7	957	19.5
> 25 ≤ 28	744	18.5	36	15.5	71	24.5	53	15.0	904	18.4
> 28 ≤ 31	891	22.1	50	21.5	54	18.6	83	23.5	1078	22.0
> 31 ≤ 35	950	23.6	53	22.7	64	22.1	94	26.6	1161	23.7
> 35	640	15.9	62	26.6	31	10.7	71	20.1	804	16.4
Parity											≤0.001
First	1894	47.0	109	46.8	177	61.0	164	46.5	2344	47.8
Second	1367	33.9	89	38.2	88	30.3	118	33.4	1662	33.9
Third	579	14.4	24	10.3	22	7.6	45	12.7	670	13.7
Fourth or more	188	4.7	11	4.7	3	1.0	26	7.4	228	4.6
Birth
Single birth	3972	98.6	226	97.0	287	99.0	350	99.2	4835	98.6	0.146
Epidural or spinal anaesthesia (excluding caesarean)	1058	26.3	62	26.6	102	35.2	102	28.9	1324	27.0	0.009
Mode of delivery
Emergency caesarean	451	11.2	32	13.7	27	9.3	61	17.3	571	11.6	0.003
Planned caesarean	246	6.1	14	6.0	14	4.8	20	5.7	294	6.0	0.835
Regional health authority											0.012
Southeast	2121	52.7	146	62.7	164	56.6	208	58.9	2639	53.8
West	755	18.7	30	12.9	49	16.9	67	19.0	901	18.4
Central	652	16.2	29	12.4	50	17.2	50	14.2	781	15.9
North	500	12.4	28	12.0	27	9.3	28	7.9	583	11.9
Institution size (no. of births per year)											0.009
< 49 + other/unspecified	34	0.8	0	0	5	1.7	2	0.6	41	0.8
50–499	586	14.5	32	13.7	46	15.9	37	10.5	701	14.3
500–1499	1003	24.9	45	19.3	77	26.6	69	19.5	1194	24.3
1500–2999	1336	33.2	100	42.9	95	32.8	121	34.3	1652	33.7
≤ 3000	1069	26.5	56	24.0	67	23.1	124	35.1	1316	26.8
Municipality size (no. of inhabitants)											0.000
< 5000	538	13.4	24	10.3	38	13.1	33	9.3	633	12.9
5000-9999	576	14.3	29	12.4	45	15.5	33	9.3	683	13.9
10000-19999	682	16.9	35	15.0	45	15.5	43	12.2	805	16.4
20000-49999	985	24.5	59	25.3	70	24.1	85	24.1	1199	24.4
> 50000	1247	31.0	86	36.9	92	31.7	159	45.0	1584	32.3
Marital status^b											0.727
Neither married nor cohabiting	125	3.1	6	2.6	6	2.1	12	3.4	149	3.0
Education^b											0.000
Primary school	129	3.3	6	2.6	8	3.0	62	18.8	205	4.3
Secondary school	1173	29.6	54	23.4	70	26.2	96	29.1	1393	29.1
University undergraduate	1571	39.7	82	35.5	92	34.5	119	36.1	1864	38.9
University postgraduate	1088	27.5	89	38.5	97	36.3	53	16.1	1327	27.7
Main activity when not on maternity leave^b											0.000
Working	3322	83.8	188	81.4	162	60.7	167	50.6	3839	80.1
Sick leave or welfare allowances	117	3.0	4	1.7	3	1.1	5	1.5	129	2.7
Education	272	6.9	13	5.6	8	3.0	57	17.3	350	7.3
Homemaking	43	1.1	4	1.7	30	11.2	49	14.8	126	2.6
Unemployed	176	4.4	14	6.1	48	18.0	41	12.4	279	5.8
Other	35	0.9	8	3.5	16	6.0	11	3.3	70	1.5
Self-rated health^b											0.000
Poor	41	1.0	2	0.9	3	1.1	6	1.8	52	1.1
Fair	223	5.6	20	8.7	19	7.1	50	15.2	312	6.5
Good	1058	26.7	63	27.3	132	49.4	113	34.2	1366	28.6
Very good	1780	45.0	86	37.2	82	30.7	105	31.8	2053	42.9
Excellent	854	21.6	60	26.0	31	11.6	56	17.0	1001	20.9

^a:χ ² test
^b:Data from questionnaire

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