Table 3 Universal provision model (25 studies and 7 systematic reviews)
Category | Description | Universal provision: Principal paper from RCT First author; year; [country of study]; * indicates sibling paper(s) – see relevant reference list; (SR1 etc. if included in a related systematic review) | Systematic Reviews associated with this category |
|---|---|---|---|
Community delivered interventions  (n = 14 principal papers and 1 SR)  (see Additional file 1 reference list T3-1) | Interventions were mainly delivered in poor rural areas and underserved communities, typically in Asian/South Asian settings | Azad 2010 [Bangladesh] (SR1,16) Bhutta 2011 [Pakistan] Colborn 2013 [Malawi] (SR1) Darmstadt 2010 [Bangladesh] Fottrell 2013 [Bangladesh] (SR1) Jokhio 2005 [Pakistan] Lewycka 2013 [Malawi] (SR1) Manandhar 2004 [Nepal] (SR1) Midhet 2010 [Pakistan] Miller 2012 [Pakistan] More 2012 [India] (SR1) Mullany 2007 [Nepal] Pasha 2013 [India, Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Guatemala, Argentina] Persson 2013 [Vietnam] | 1 Prost et al. 2013 |
Midwifery-led interventions  (n = 5 principal papers, and 3 SRs)  (see Additional file 1 reference list T3-2) | Studies where the main focus was on the impact of antenatal care delivered by midwives, or a comparison of midwifery-led care with another mode/model of delivery | McLachlan BK 2000 [UK - England] (SR2,3) Rowley 1995 [Australia] (SR2,3,4) Tracy 2013 [Australia] Walker 2013 [Mexico] Wu 2011 [China] | 2 Devane et al. 2010 3 Sandall et al. 2013 4 Waldenstrom et al. 1998 |
Reduced/flexible visit interventions  (n = 4 principal papers and 1 SR)  (see Additional file 1 reference list T3-3) | Models investigating whether reduced or flexible antenatal visits had an impact on maternal/infant outcomes | Clement 1996 [UK – England] Majoko 2007 [Zimbabwe] (SR7,9,10) Munjanja 1996 [Zimbabwe] (SR5,8,9,10) Villar 2001 [Argentina, Cuba, Saudi Arabia, Thailand] (SR2,5,7,9,10) | 5 Carroli et al. 2001 |
Group-based antenatal care interventions  (n = 2 principal papers, 1 sibling paper and 1 SR)  (see Additional file 1 reference list T3-4) | Comparing group-based and individual antenatal care | Andersson 2013 [Sweden] (SR6) Jafari 2010 [Iran] * (SR6) | 6 Homer et al. 2012 (see Additional file 1 reference list T3-4) |
Multiple foci (n = 1 SR)  (see Additional file 1 reference list T3-5) |  | N/A | 7 Yakoob et al. 2009 – interventions that impact on stillbirth |