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Table 3 Adjusted multivariate logistic regression of perinatal mortality in infants born during the Cash & Carry and NHIS systems in Northern Region

From: Perinatal mortality among infants born during health user-fees (Cash & Carry) and the national health insurance scheme (NHIS) eras in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Cash & Carry period

NHIS period

Adjusted†

Adjusted†

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

Maternal age

  < 18 (RC)

1

1

 18–24

0.41 [0.18, 0.88]*

0.62 [0.18, 2.07]

 25–34

0.44 [0.20, 0.96]*

0.56 [0.17, 1.85]

 35 >

0.72 [0.33, 1.61]

0.69 [0.20, 2.35]

Maternal parity

 None (RC)

1

1

 One

0.73 [0.50, 1.06]

1.10 [0.70, 1.70]

 Two

0.77 [0.51, 1.16]

1.24 [0.76, 2.02]

 Three

1.87 [1.33, 2.63]***

1.51 [0.88, 2.60]

 Four-plus

1.61 [1.18, 2.21]**

2.12 [1.23, 3.64]**

Type of birth

 Caesarean (RC)

1

1

 Vagina

0.41 [0.32, 0.54]***

0.60 [0.44, 0.83]**

Nature of delivery

 Twins (RC)

1

1

 Singleton

0.41 [0..30, 0.57]***

1.34 [0.77, 2.34]

Sex

 Male (RC)

1

1

 Female

1.08 [0.85, 1.35]

0.96 [0.72, 1.28]

Blood loss after delivery

  < 200 (RC)

1

1

 200–250

0.61 [0.43, 0.85]**

1.04 [0.69, 1.57]

  > 250

1.81 [0.57, 1.16]

1.62 [0.89, 2.93]

Fetal heart rate (bpm)

  < 130 (RC)

1

1

 130–140

0.80 [0.35, 1.80]

0.40 [0.20, 0.80]*

  > 140

0.29 [0.29, 1.67]

0.85 [0.33, 2.14]

  1. Note. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, RC reference category; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, p-values obtained from multivariable binary logistic regression analysis (Wald test statistic); † = Adjusted for all other variables in the model known to influence the outcome