Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the women enrolled

Maternal age (years)

29 ± 5

28 ± 6

29 ± 4

29 ± 5

30 ± 6

32 ± 5^c

29 ± 5

Nullipara - n (%)

78 (44)

78 (80)^b

10 (77)^c

17 (71)^c

19 (95)^b

17 (68)^c

29 (71)^c

Smokers - n (%)

16 (9)

8 (8)

2 (15)

3 (13)

1 (5)

1 (4)

7 (17)

GA at sampling (weeks)

10.2 ± 0.9

10.4 ± 0.9

10.6 ± 0.8

10.5 ± 0.8

10.4 ± 1

10.1 ± 0.7

10.4 ± 0.8

BMI (kg/m²)

25 ± 5

26 ± 5

27 ± 6

26 ± 6

25 ± 5

27 ± 6

23 ± 5

 Syst. 1st trimester

120 ± 12

125 ± 15^c

133 ± 22^c

130 ± 20^c

122 ± 12

127 ± 13^c

123 ± 12^c

 Diast. 1st trimester

74 ± 10

78 ± 11^c

80 ± 14

79 ± 15

76 ± 11

78 ± 11

76 ± 8

 Proteinuria (g/24 h)

ND

2.5 (0.7–3.2)

4.8 (1.5–8.5)

4.1 (1.4–5.1)

2.7 (1.3–5.1)

ND

ND

 HELLP - n (%)

0

7 (7)^b

1 (8)^b

3 (13)^b

1 (5)^c

0

0

 Chronic disease - n (%)

22(12)

21 (21)^c

5 (38)^c

7 (29)^c

5 (25)

4 (16)

8 (20)

 Hypertension - n (%)

0

7 (7)^b

1 (8)^b

2 (8)^b

2 (10)^b

0

0

 Diabetes - n (%)

1(0.6)

4 (4)^c

3 (23)^b

4 (16)^b

0

0

1 (2)

 Gestational DM - n (%)

28 (16)

21 (21)

2 (15)

3 (13)

1 (5)

6 (24)

8 (20)

 Diagnosis <34 wk -n (%)

0 (0)

13 (13)

13 (100)

13 (54)

2 (10)

2 (8)

0 (0)

 Delivery - weeks

40.1 ± 1.1

38 ± 2.9^b

32.4 ± 3^b

34.3 ± 3.1^b

40 ± 2^b

39.4 ± 1.7^c

40 ± 0.9

 Birth weight (kg)

3.6 ± 0.4

3.0 ± 0.8^b

1.6 ± 0.6^b

2.1 ± 0.8^b

2.3 ± 0.5^b

3.2 ± 0.6^b

2.9 ± 0.2^b

 SGA - n (%)

0

20 (20)^b

2 (15)^b

6 (25)^b

20 (100)^b

8 (32)^b

41 (100)^b

 Umbilical artery pH

7.24 ± 0.09

7.22 ± 0.09

7.22 ± 0.1

7.22 ± 0.09

7.21 ± 0.1

7.22 ± 0.09

7.23 ± 0.08

 Placental weight (g)

620 ± 120

530 ± 150^b

370 ± 100^b

430 ± 160^b

410 ± 110^b

500 ± 130^b

540 ± 100^b