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Table 2 Risk of antenatal, delivery and postpartum complications amongst cohort and comparison of risks between the 2 adherence groups

From: Provider adherence to first antenatal care guidelines and risk of pregnancy complications in public sector facilities: a Ghanaian cohort study

Complication

Incidence (%)

Complete adherence

Incomplete adherence

Cluster adjusted

N = 926

N = 449

N = 477

p-value

Maternal

 Malaria in pregnancy

113 (12.2)

56 (12.5)

57 (11.9)

0.81

 Antepartum vaginal bleeding

10 (1.1)

3 (0.7)

7 (1.5)

0.24

 PIH/pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

49 (5.3)

23 (5.1)

26 (5.5)

0.82

 Anemia in pregnancy

550 (59.4)

269 (59.9)

281 (58.9)

0.12

 Anemia developed after first antenatal visit

144 (15.5)

67 (14.9)

77 (16.1)

0.36

 Any antenatal complication

631 (68.1)

308 (68.6)

328 (68.7)

0.88

 Any antenatal complication (non-anemia)

207 (22.4)

99 (22.0)

108 (22.6)

0.83

 Delivery by Caesarean section

132 (14.3)

65 (14.5)

67 (14.0)

0.84

 Post-partum hemorrhage

19 (2.1)

6 (1.3)

13 (2.7)

0.14

 Delivery/post-delivery complication

41 (4.4)

17 (3.8)

24 (5.0)

0.82

 Any pregnancy related complication

635 (68.6)

310 (69.0)

325 (68.1)

0.87

 Any pregnancy related complication (non-anemia)

229 (24.4)

108 (24.1)

121 (25.4)

0.56

 Maternal mortality

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Neonatal

 Preterm

49 (5.3)

23 (5.1)

26 (5.5)

0.31

 Post-maturity

88 (9.5)

36 (8.0)

52 (10.9)

0.31

 Low birth weight

57 (6.1)

19 (4.2)

36 (7.5)

0.21

 Neonatal jaundice

58 (6.3)

29 (6.5)

29 (6.1)

0.21

 Asphyxia/difficulty in breathing

39 (4.2)

15 (3.3)

34 (7.1)

0.21

 Stillbirths

4 (0.4)

2 (0.4)

2 (0.4)

0.21

 Any neonatal complication

146 (15.8)

60 (13.4)

86 (18.0)

0.05

 Neonatal mortality (All cause)

13 (1.4)

6 (1.3)

7 (1.5)

0.87