| Negative emotions | Lack of positive emotions | Social isolation | Moment of birth |
---|---|---|---|---|
Parity | ||||
 Nulliparous (n = 606) M(SD) | 2.19 (.93) | 1.97 (.86) | .58 (.80) | .97 (.99) |
 Multiparous (n = 798) M(SD) | 1.58 (.90) | 1.69 (.92) | .46 (.72) | .82 (.97) |
 Independent t tests: t(df) | 12.38 (1402) | 5.94 (1346) | 2.81 (1403) | 2.86 (1403) |
 p | <.001 | <.001 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
 Effect size (partial eta squared) | 0.10 | 0.025 | 0.006 | 0.006 |