Table 6 Factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) (N = 101)
From: Postpartum depression in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: a longitudinal study in Bethlehem
Characteristics | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
No PPD | PPDa | ||
Age (years) | |||
< 25 | 30 (81.1%) | 7 (18.9%) | Ref (1.00) |
25–35 | 37 (67.3%) | 18 (32.7%) | 2.08 (0.77, 5.65) |
> 35 | 6 (66.7%) | 3 (33.3%) | 2.14 (0.43, 10.7) |
Education level | |||
High School | 7 (53.9%) | 6 (46.2%) | Ref (1.00) |
Tawjihi | 21 (67.7%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.56 (0.15, 2.09) |
Tertiary | 45 (79.0%) | 12 (21.1%) | 0.31 (0.09, 1.10) |
Residency | |||
Refugee Camp | 5 (62.5%) | 3 (37.5%) | Ref (1.00) |
Urban | 32 (76.2%) | 10 (23.8%) | 0.52 (0.11, 2.57) |
Rural | 36 (70.6%) | 15 (29.4%) | 0.69 (0.15, 3.28) |
Place of delivery | |||
Home | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | Ref (1.00) |
Hospital | 72 (73.5%) | 26 (26.5%) | 0.18 (0.02, 2.08) |
Type of delivery | |||
Vaginal | 58 (72.5%) | 22 (27.5%) | Ref (1.00) |
Caesarean section | 15 (71.4%) | 6 (28.6%) | 1.05 (0.36, 3.06) |
Planned pregnancy | |||
Yes | 42 (80.8%) | 10 (19.2%) | Ref (1.00) |
No | 31 (63.3%) | 18 (36.7%) | 2.44 (0.99, 6.01) |
Parity | |||
Primiparous | 16 (88.9%) | 2 (11.1%) | Ref (1.00) |
1 | 20 (80.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | 2.00 (0.34, 11.7) |
2 | 14 (63.6%) | 8 (36.4%) | 4.57 (0.83, 25.2) |
≥ 3 | 23 (63.9%) | 13 (36.1%) | 4.52 (0.90, 22.8) |
Sex of childb | |||
Male | 31 (67.4%) | 15 (32.6%) | Ref (1.00) |
Female | 40 (75.5%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.67 (0.28, 1.62) |
Sex of the child was as desired | |||
Yes | 70 (75.3%) | 23 (24.7%) | Ref (1.00) |
No | 3 (37.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | 5.07 (1.12, 22.9) |
Birth weight (kg) | |||
< 2.5 | 9 (75.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | Ref (1.00) |
2.5–2.9 | 5 (45.5%) | 6 (54.6%) | 3.60 (0.62, 21.0) |
3–3.49 | 37 (77.1%) | 11 (22.9%) | 0.89 (0.21, 3.88) |
3.5–3.9 | 9 (64.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | 1.67 (0.30, 9.16) |
≥ 4 | 13 (81.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.69 (0.11, 4.24) |