Table 4 Differences in subscale scores and overall score by different groups

Labour duration ≤12 h, n = 166

2.86 (0.56)

3.60 (0.52)

3.59 (0.55)

3.04 (0.67)

3.14 (0.59)

2.96 (0.83)

3.12 (0.49)

3.14 (0.48)

Labour duration >12 h, n = 59

2.58 (0.55)

3.61 (0.47)

3.61 (0.50)

2.84 (0.67)

2.97 (0.58)

2.69 (0.81)

2.93 (0.44)

2.97 (0.43)

p value

0.002

0.906

0.939

0.035

0.044

0.021

0.008

0.009

Cohen’s effect size

0.50

0.02

0.04

0.30

0.29

0.33

0.41

0.37

Spontaneous onset of labour n = 175

2.82 (0.57)

3.62 (0.51)

3.60 (0.53)

3.04 (0.66)

3.15 (0.59)

2.95 (0.82)

3.11 (0.48)

3.14 (0.48)

Induced labour n = 51

2.66 (0.56)

3.58 (0.52)

3.58 (0.56)

2.80 (0.68)

2.93 (0.57)

2.69 (0.83)

2.93 (0.45)

2.96 (0.44)

p value

0.086

0.54

0.79

0.020

0.015

0.065

0.012

0.017

Cohen’s effect size

0.28

0.08

0.04

0.36

0.38

0.30

0.39

0.39

Spontaneous vaginal birth n = 182

2.82 (0.57)

3.61 (0.53)

3.60 (0.55)

3.04 (0.66)

3.14 (0.59)

2.92 (0.82)

3.10 (0.48)

3.13 (0.47)

Instrumental delivery n = 43

2.65 (0.57)

3.60 (0.45)

3.56 (0.50)

2.77 (0.68)

2.94 (0.59)

2.71 (0.84)

2.93 (0.48)

2.97 (0.47)

p value

0.081

0.60

0.37

0.020

0.049

0.192

0.031

0.035

Cohen’s effect size

0.30

0.02

0.08

0.40

0.34

0.25

0.35

0.34

Primiparous, n = 118

2.69 (0.55)

3.60 (0.51)

3.58 (0.54)

2.91 (0.63)

3.04 (0.54)

2.77 (0.85)

2.99 (0.45)

3.02 (0.44)

Multiparous, n = 108

2.89 (0.57)

3.62 (0.52)

3.61 (0.54)

3.06 (0.71)

3.17 (0.63)

3.02 (0.79)

3.16 (0.50)

3.18 (0.49)

p value

0.007

0.43

0.503

0.043

0.043

0.035

0.007

0.007

Cohen’s effect size

0.36

0.04

0.06

0.22

0.22

0.30

0.36

0.34