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Table 7 Rates respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) at 32–36 weeks and 37–38 weeks per 1000 live births and unadjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) expressing the association between pregnancy complications and obstetric interventions, and RDS at 32–36 weeks and 37–38 weeks, United States, 2005–2006

From: Heterogeneity of respiratory distress syndrome: risk factors and morbidity associated with early and late gestation disease

 

RDS 32–36 weeks

RDS 37–38 weeks

No.

Rate per 1000

Odds ratio [95 % CI]

No.

Rate per 1000

Odds ratio [95 % CI]

Pregnancy complications

 Placental abruption

645

78.0

2.79 [2.57, 3.03]

102

17.9

5.43 [4.45, 6.62]

 Placenta previa

348

63.8

2.20 [1.97, 2.46]

44

9.0

2.67 [1.98, 3.59]

 Hypertension in pregnancy

1748

44.1

1.55 [1.47, 1.63]

449

6.8

2.12 [1.92, 2.34]

 Eclampsia

321

58.0

1.98 [1.77, 2.22]

43

8.9

2.66 [1.97, 3.59]

 Premature rupture of membranes

1430

46.3

1.62 [1.53, 1.71]

104

6.3

1.88 [1.55, 2.29]

Interventions

 Labour induction

1455

26.6

0.85 [0.81, 0.90]

953

3.6

1.08 [1.00, 1.16]

 Labour inductiona

697

20.7

0.80 [0.74, 0.87]

586

2.9

1.07 [0.98, 1.17]

 Cesarean delivery

6971

40.7

1.84 [1.77, 1.91]

2340

5.7

2.48 [2.34, 2.64]

 Cesarean deliverya

3826

32.8

1.64 [1.57, 1.72]

1512

4.5

2.32 [2.16, 2.49]

All live births

11,942

30.5

-

4292

3.4

-

  1. Odds ratios were estimated by contrasting outcomes among those with and those without the risk factor e.g., RDS at 37–38 weeks among infants of women delivering with placental abruption vs. infants of women without placental abruption
  2. aExcluding live births with maternal hypertension, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, placental abruption, placenta previa and any congenital anomaly