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Table 10 Sensitivity analysis including stillbirths: Adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) expressing the association between early antepartum characteristics and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), United States, 2005–2006

From: Heterogeneity of respiratory distress syndrome: risk factors and morbidity associated with early and late gestation disease

 

Adjusted odds ratios [95 % CI]

RDS <32 weeks

RDS 32–36 weeks

RDS 37–38 weeks

RDS ≥39 weeks

Maternal age

<20 years

1.59 [1.48, 1.71]

1.14 [1.07, 1.21]

0.86 [0.78, 0.96]

1.25 [1.14, 1.37]

20–34

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

≥35

0.99 [0.97, 1.01]

0.97 [0.95, 0.98]

0.95 [0.92, 0.97]

0.95 [0.92, 0.98]

Multifetal gestation

11.6 [11.0, 12.2]

9.61 [9.20, 10.0]

3.65 [3.18, 4.20]

3.66 [2.68, 4.98]

Smoking

1.53 [1.43, 1.63]

1.42 [1.35, 1.50]

1.55 [1.42, 1.68]

1.44 [1.32, 1.57]

Diabetes

1.31 [1.18, 1.44]

2.04 [1.90, 2.18]

2.71 [2.45, 3.01]

1.74 [1.51, 2.00]

Chronic hypertension

3.89 [3.49, 4.35]

2.86 [2.59, 3.16]

2.74 [2.29, 3.28]

1.65 [1.25, 2.20]

Any congenital anomaly

9.4 [8.79, 10.1]

4.81 [4.48, 5.17]

6.22 [5.57, 6.94]

7.25 [6.50, 8.09]

Male sex

1.09 [1.04, 1.14]

1.41 [1.36, 1.46]

1.67 [1.57, 1.77]

1.45 [1.36, 1.54]