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Table 5 Crude incidence, odds ratio, population attributable risk and population attributable fraction of preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the population studied after excluding subjects with spontaneous abortions

From: The impact of unrecognized autoimmune rheumatic diseases on the incidence of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: a longitudinal cohort study

Preeclampsia

Crude incidence (%) 95 % CI

Odds ratio (95 % CI)

PAR (%) 95 % CI

PAF (95 % CI)

Controls/overall incidence* (n = 594)

3.2 (1.9–5)

Reference

6.5 (5.1–8.1)*

 

Major rheumatic diseases (n = 67)

26.9 (16.8–39.1)

9.2 (4.3–19.5)

1.4 (0.6–2.1)

0.22 (0.09–0.33)

UCTD (n = 131)

13.7 (8.4–20.8)

4.6 (2.3–9.2)

1.4 (0.6–2.1)

0.21 (0.1–0.31)

Overall rheumatic diseases (n = 198)

16.7 (11.8–22.6)

6 (3.3–10.9)

2.8 (1.7–3.9)

0.43 (0.26–0.56)

No criteria for diagnosis (n = 150)

6 (2.8–11.1)

2 (0.9–4.6)

0.05 (−0.01–1.1)

0.07 (−0.03–0.17)

Fetal growth restriction (FGR)

 Controls/overall incidence*

4.2 (2.8–6.1)

Reference

8.8 (7.2–10.8)*

 

 Major rheumatic diseases

26.9 (16.8–39.1)

8.8 (4.4–17.3)

1.6 (0.9–2.4)

0.18 (0.1–0.26)

 UCTD

16 (10.2–23.5)

4.1 (2.2–7.8)

1.5 (0.06–2.4)

0.17 (0.07–0.26)

 Overall rheumatic diseases

19.7 (14.4–25.9)

5.5 (3.2–9.5)

3.1 (1.9–4.3)

0.36 (0.22–0.47)

 No criteria for diagnosis

13.4 (8.4–20)

3.6 (1.9–6.7)

1.4 (0.05–2.3)

0.16 (0.06–0.26)

Preeclampsia or FGR

 Controls/overall incidence*

6.1 (4.3–8.3)

Reference

11.5 (9.6–13.5)*

 

 Major rheumatic diseases

29.9 (19.3–42.3)

6.8 (3.6–12.9)

1.7 (0.09–2.5)

0.15 (0.08–0.21)

 UCTD

22.9 (16–31.1)

4.4 (2.5–7.5)

2.2 (1.1–3.2)

0.19 (0.1–0.27)

 Overall rheumatic diseases

25.3 (19.4–31.9)

5.1 (3.2–8.3)

3.9 (2.6–9.6)

0.34 (0.22–0.44)

 No criteria for diagnosis

14.8 (9.5–21.5)

2.7 (1.5–4.8)

1.4 (0.4–2.3)

0.1 (0.04–0.2)

  1. UCTD undifferentiated connective tissue disease
  2. Odds ratios (OR), population attributable risk (PAR) and population attributable fraction obtained by logistic regression analysis containing preeclampsia and/or FGR as outcomes and category of rheumatic disorders (controls, major rheumatic diseases, UCTD, no criteria for diagnosis), nulliparity (yes, no), first trimester smoking (yes, no), chronic hypertension (yes, no) and previous low birthweight (<2500 g) infant (yes, no) as explanatory variables. The analysis was carried out in 941 viable pregnancies
  3. *Overall incidence