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Table 1 Characteristics of studies and populations

From: Institutional delivery in public and private sectors in South Asia: a comparative analysis of prospective data from four demographic surveillance sites

Study (Country)

Bangladesh rural [32]

Nepal rural [33]

India rural [34]

India urban [35]

Location

Bogra, Maulvibazaar Faridpur districts

Dhanusha district, southern Nepal

Keonjhar, West Singhbhum, Saraikela districts, Jharkhand and Odisha

Mumbai informal settlements

Period

2005–2011

2008–2011

2005–2008

2006–2009

Estimated population

532 900

240 000

114 000

283 000

Cluster characteristics

Villages making up a union

Village Development Committees

8–10 villages with residents classified as Scheduled Tribe or Other Backward Class

Settlements in 6 municipal wards

Method of cluster identification

Purposive sampling of three districts and clusters within districts

Random selection of 60 clusters from a list of 79

Purposive sampling of three districts and clusters within districts

Random selection of 48 clusters from a list of 92.

Clusters

9

30

18

24

Cluster retention individual retention

All clusters followed up

Phase 1 interviews completed after 82 % of identified births

Phase 2 after 99 % of identified births

All clusters followed up

All clusters followed up

Interviews completed after 98 % of identified births

All clusters followed up

Interviews completed after 83 % of identified births

Health facilities available in control areas

Public facilities: District Hospitals, Maternal and Child Welfare Centres, Upazilla Health Complexes.

Private facilities: small-to-medium-size clinics, BRAC (NGO) facilities where deliveries do not take place, larger private hospitals with and without comprehensive emergency obstetric care.

Public facilities: five Primary Health Care Centres, ten Health Posts and 88 Sub-Health Posts, none equipped for emergency obstetric care. Refer to public Zonal Tertiary Hospital and private providers for emergency obstetric care.

Public facilities: District Hospitals, Primary Health Centres in which deliveries can notionally take place but that are not usually equipped for comprehensive emergency obstetric care, Community Health Centres acting as referral centres for emergency obstetric care; district hospitals.

Private and charitable facilities: medium-sized missionary hospitals with emergency obstetric care.

Public facilities: Municipal tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, maternity homes.

Private facilities: specialty hospitals, general hospitals, maternity homes.