Nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in pregnant adolescents: a systematic review of studies in developed countries

Marvin-Dowle, Katie; Burley, Victoria Jane; Soltani, Hora

doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1059-9

Table 5 Intake of micronutrients in individual studies compared to UK and US dietary reference values - minerals

From: Nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in pregnant adolescents: a systematic review of studies in developed countries

		Comparison to UK Dietary Reference Value									Comparison to US Dietary Reference Value
Nutrient	Study	Second Trimester			Third Trimester			Mean over pregnancy			Second Trimester			Third Trimester			Mean over pregnancy
Nutrient	Study	N=	Mean	Confidence Interval	N=	Mean	Confidence Interval	N=	Mean	Confidence Interval	N=	Mean	Confidence Interval	N=	Mean	Confidence Interval	N=	Mean	Confidence Interval
Calcium mg/day ^a	Baker (2009)				290	↔840	800, 880							290	↓840	800, 880
	Chan (2006)	23	↔835	711, 959	23	↔862	714, 1010				23	↓835	711, 959	24	↓862	714, 1010
	Derbyshire (2009)				20	↑1007	867, 1147							20	↓1007	867, 1147
	Giddens (2000)							59	↑989	904, 1074							59	↓989	904, 1074
	Gutierrez (1999)	46	↑1561	1334, 1789	46	↑1655	1424, 1886				46	↑1561	1334, 1789	46	↑1655	1424, 1886
	Job (1995)							70	↔923	756, 1090							70	↓923	756, 1090
	Lee (2013)				133	↑916	838, 995	156	↑886	824, 948				133	↓916	838, 995	156	↓886	824, 948
	Pobocik (2003)							434	↓743	689, 797							434	↓743	689, 797
Phosphorous mg/day ^b	Chan (2006)	23	↑934	811, 1057	23	↑961	812, 1110				23	↓934	811, 1057	24	↓961	812, 1110
	Giddens (2000)							59	↑1340	1248, 1432							59	↔1340	1248, 1432
	Lee (2013)				133	↑1264	1182, 1347	156	↑1196	1131, 1261				133	↔1264	1182, 1347	156	↔1196	1131, 1261
	Pobocik (2003)							434	↑1338	1279, 1397							434	↑1338	1279, 1397
Iron mg/day ^c	Baker (2009)				290	↑17	15, 19							290	↓17	15, 19
	Castillo-Duran (2001) a	249	↑15.5	15, 16	249	↑16.8	16, 17				249	↓15.5	15, 16	249	↓16.8	16, 17
	Castillo-Duran (2001) b	258	↑16.6	16, 17	258	↑16.8	16, 17				258	↓16.6	16, 17	258	↓16.8	16, 17
	Chan (2006)	23	↑22	18, 26	23	↑25	20, 30				23	↓22	18, 26	23	↔25	20, 30
	Derbyshire (2009)				20	↓12.6	11, 14							20	↔12.6	11, 14
	Giddens (2000)							59	↔16	15, 17							59	↓16	15, 17
	Gutierrez (1999)	46	↑17.7	15, 20	46	↑22.7	17, 28				46	↓17.7	15, 20	46	↔22.7	17, 28
	Job (1995)							70	↓11.2	10, 12							70	↓11.2	10, 12
	Lee (2013)				133	↑18.8	17, 20	156	↑18.6	17, 20				133	↓18.8	17, 20	156	↓18.6	17, 20
	Pobocik (2003)							434	↑20	19, 21							434	↓20	19, 21
Magnesium mg/day ^d	Baker (2009)				290	↓236	227, 245								↓236	227, 245
	Chan (2006)	23	↓263	230, 296	23	↓264	231, 297					↓263	230, 296		↓264	231, 297
	Derbyshire (2009)				20	↓244	218, 270								↓244	218, 270
	Giddens (2000)							59	↓252	234, 270								↓252	234, 270
	Lee (2013)				133	↓237	222, 253	156	↓231	218, 244					↓237	222, 253		↓231	218, 244
	Pobocik (2003)							434	↓270	258, 282								↓270	258, 282
Potassium mg/day ^e	Chan (2006)	23	↓2802	2512, 3092	23	↓2954	2635, 3273				23	↓2802	2512, 3092	23	↓2954	2635, 3273
Potassium mg/day ^e	Derbyshire (2009)				20	↓2948	2659, 3237							20	↓2948	2659, 3237
Zinc mg/day ^f	Baker (2009)				290	↑8.1	7.8, 8.4							290	↓8.1	7.8, 8.4
	Castillo-Duran (2001) a	249	↑7.4	7.1, 7.7	249	↑7.7	7.4, 8				249	↓7.4	7.1, 7.7	249	↓7.7	7.4, 8
	Castillo-Duran (2001) b	258	↑7.4	7.1, 7.7	258	↑7.4	7.2, 7.6				258	↓7.4	7.1, 7.7	258	↓7.4	7.2, 7.6
	Chan (2006)	23	↑16	11.9, 20.1	23	↑18	13.5, 22.5				23	↔16	11.9, 20.1	23	↑18	13.5, 22.5
	Derbyshire (2009)				20	↑8.1	7.4, 8.9							20		7.4, 8.9
	Giddens (2000)							59	↑11.6	10.5, 12.7							59	↑11.6	10.5, 12.7
	Gutierrez (1999)	46	↑14.5	12.6, 16.4	46	↑15.3	13.4, 17.2				46	↑14.5	12.6, 16.4	46	↑15.3	13.4, 17.2
	Job (1995)							70	↑9.5	8.5, 10.5							70	↑9.5	8.5, 10.5
	Lee (2013)				133	↑12.8		156	↑12.6	11.4, 13.8				133	↑12.8		156	↑12.6	11.4, 13.8
	Pobocik (2003)							434	↑13	12.2, 13.8							434	↑13	12.2, 13.8
Sodium mg/day ^g	Chan (2006)	23	↑3316	2809, 3823	23	↑3323	2812, 3834					↑3316	2809, 3823		↑3323	2812, 3834
Sodium mg/day ^g	Derbyshire (2009)				20	↑3089	2722, 3456								↑3089	2722, 3456
Copper μg/day ^h	Giddens (2000)							59	↑1200	1098, 1302							59	↑1200	1098, 1302
Copper μg/day ^h	Lee (2013)				133	↑1100	1015, 1185	156	↑1085	1021, 1151				133	↑1100	1015, 1185	156	↑1085	1021, 1151
Selenium μg/day ⁱ	Giddens (2000)							59	↑116	109, 123							59	↑116	109, 123

^aComparison to UK RNI 800 mg/day and US RDA 1300 mg/day, ^bComparison to UK RNI 625 mg/day and US RDA 1250 mg/day, ^cComparison to UK RNI 14.8 mg/day and US RDA 27 mg/day, ^dComparison to UK RNI 300 mg/day and US RDA 400 mg/day, ^eComparison to UK RNI 3500 mg/day and US RDA 4700 mg/day, ^fComparison to UK RNI 7 mg/day and US RDA 12 mg/day, ^gComparison to UK RNI 1500 mg/day and US RDA 1600 mg/day, ^hComparison to UK RNI 1000 μg/day and US RDA 1000 μg/day, ⁱComparison to UK RNI 60 μg/day and US RDA 60 μg/day, ↑ Study mean higher than reference value (p < 0.05), ↔ Study mean not different to reference value (p < 0.05), ↓ Study mean lower than reference value (p < 0.05)

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ISSN: 1471-2393

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