| |
Comparison to UK Dietary Reference Value
|
Comparison to US Dietary Reference Value
|
---|
Nutrient
|
Study
|
Second Trimester
|
Third Trimester
|
Mean over pregnancy
|
Second Trimester
|
Third Trimester
|
Mean over pregnancy
|
---|
N=
|
Mean
|
Confidence Interval
|
N=
|
Mean
|
Confidence Interval
|
N=
|
Mean
|
Confidence Interval
|
N=
|
Mean
|
Confidence Interval
|
N=
|
Mean
|
Confidence Interval
|
N=
|
Mean
|
Confidence Interval
|
---|
Protein grams/day a
|
Castillo-Duran (2001) a
|
249
|
↑60
|
58, 62
|
249
|
↑62
|
59, 64
| | | |
249
|
↓60
|
58, 62
|
249
|
↓62
|
59, 64
| | | |
Castillo-Duran (2001) b
|
258
|
↑59
|
57, 61
|
258
|
↑60
|
58, 61
| | | |
258
|
↓59
|
57, 61
|
258
|
↓60
|
58, 61
| | | |
Chan (2006)
|
23
|
↑76
|
65, 87
|
23
|
↑76
|
65, 87
| | | |
23
|
↔76
|
65, 87
|
23
|
↔76
|
65, 87
| | | |
Derbyshire (2009)
| | | |
20
|
↑72
|
65, 79
| | | | | | |
20
|
↔72
|
65, 79
| | | |
Giddens (2000)
| | | | | | |
59
|
↑82
|
77, 87
| | | | | | |
59
|
↑82
|
77, 87
|
Gutierrez (1999)
|
46
|
↑111
|
98, 124
|
46
|
↑118
|
105, 130
| | | |
46
|
↑111
|
98, 124
|
46
|
↑118
|
105, 130
| | | |
Job (1995)
| | | | | | |
70
|
↑73
|
73, 73
| | | | | | |
70
|
↑73
|
73, 73
|
Lee (2013)
| | | |
133
|
↑81
|
76, 87
|
156
|
↑70
|
65, 75
| | | |
133
|
↑81
|
76, 87
|
156
|
↔70
|
65, 75
|
Pobocik (2003)
| | | | | | |
434
|
↑99
|
95, 103
| | | | | | |
434
|
↑99
|
95, 103
|
Englyst Fibre grams/day b
|
Derbyshire (2009)
| | | | |
↓12
|
11, 13
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
AOAC Fibre grams/day c
|
Giddens (2000)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
59
|
↓14
|
13, 15
|
Lee (2013)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
133
|
↓13
|
12, 14
|
156
|
↓14
|
13,14
|
| |
N=
|
% of Energy
| |
N=
|
% of Energy
| |
N=
|
% of Energy
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total Carbohydrate
|
Derbyshire (2009)
| | | |
20
|
54 %
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Giddens (2000)
| | | | | | |
59
|
50 %
| | | | | | | | | | |
Lee (2013)
| | | |
133
|
51 %
| |
156
|
52 %
| | | | | | | | | | |
Gutierrez (1999)
|
46
|
56 %
| |
46
|
56 %
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Fat
|
Chan (2006)
|
23
|
29 %
| |
23
|
29 %
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gutierrez (1999)
|
46
|
29 %
| |
46
|
27 %
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Saturated Fat
|
Chan (2006)
|
23
|
9 %
| |
23
|
10 %
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Sugars
|
Derbyshire (2009)
| | | |
20
|
25 %
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Added Sugars
|
Lee (2013)
| | | |
133
|
17 %
| |
156
|
17 %
| | | | | | | | | | |
- a Comparison to UK RNI 51 g/day and US RDA 71 g/day, b Comparison to UK RNI 18 g/day, c Comparison to US RDA 28 g/day, ↑ Study mean higher than reference value (p < 0.05), ↔ Study mean not different to reference value (p < 0.05), ↓ Study mean lower than reference value (p < 0.05)