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Table 1 Sample description from household survey with N = 59 births before arrival and N = 1267 facility births

From: Poverty, partner discord, and divergent accounts; a mixed methods account of births before arrival to health facilities in Morogoro Region, Tanzania

Indicator (BBA n; facility delivery n)

Birth before arrival

n (%)

Birth in facility

n (%)

59

1267

Characteristics of delivery

Who assisted at birth (59; 1267) (could select more than one)

 Brother/sister/friend/neighbor

27 (46 %)

36 (3 %)

 Traditional Birth Attendant

16 (27 %)

17 (1 %)

 Another person (unstated)

13 (22 %)

18 (1 %)

 Community Health volunteer

3 (5 %)

34 (3 %)

 Traditional Healer

3 (5 %)

1 (0 %)

 Health worker at dispensary

2 (3 %)

562 (44 %)

 Health worker at health center

0 (0 %)

363 (29 %)

 Health worker at hospital

0 (0 %)

293 (23 %)

 None of the above

5 (8 %)

95 (7 %)

Newborn cry at birth (59; 1267)

 Yes

51 (86 %)

1068 (84 %)

 No

4 (7 %)

151 (12 %)

 No response

4 (7 %)

48 (4 %)

Newborn still alive (59; 1267)

 Yes

55 (93 %)

1218 (96 %)

 No

2 (3 %)

34 (3 %)

 No response

2 (3 %)

15 (1 %)

Characteristics of respondent

Age (59; 1266)

 Under 19 years

6 (10 %)

203 (16 %)

 20 to 33 years

40 (68 %)

858 (68 %)

 More than 34 years

13 (22 %)

205 (16 %)

Age at first pregnancy (59; 1258)

 Under 16 years

12 (20 %)

140 (11 %)

 16 to 19 years

38 (64 %)

755 (60 %)

 More than 19 years

9 (15 %)

363 (29 %)

Parity (59; 1263)

 1

4 (7 %)

312 (25 %)

 2–3

25 (42 %)

496 (39 %)

 4+

30 (51 %)

455 (36 %)

Woman’s education (59; 1246)

 None

22 (37 %)

280 (22 %)

 Some Primary

6 (10 %)

135 (11 %)

 Primary Complete

30 (51 %)

749 (60 %)

 Secondary or Higher

1 (2 %)

82 (7 %)

Partner’s education (42; 951)

 None

0 (0 %)

20 (2 %)

 Some Primary

4 (10 %)

68 (7 %)

 Primary Complete

37 (88 %)

757 (80 %)

 Secondary or Higher

1 (2 %)

106 (11 %)

Asset indexa quintile (59; 1267)

 Lowest

18 (31 %)

231 (18 %)

 Second

20 (34 %)

179 (14 %)

 Middle

11 (19 %)

232 (18 %)

 Fourth

7 (12 %)

291 (23 %)

 Highest

3 (5 %)

334 (26 %)

Number of ANC visits (57; 1243)

 1

3 (5 %)

13 (1 %)

 2

6 (11 %)

69 (6 %)

 3

12 (21 %)

294 (24 %)

 4 or more

36 (63 %)

867 (70 %)

Relationship to head of household (59;1261)

 Self

7 (12 %)

111 (9 %)

 Wife

43 (73 %)

892 (71 %)

 Daughter

5 (8 %)

155 (12 %)

 Other

4 (7 %)

103 (8 %)

Marital status (59; 1266)

 Married

48 (81 %)

1017 (80 %)

 Divorced, Separated, or Widowed

5 (8 %)

97 (8 %)

 Never Married

6 (10 %)

152 (12 %)

  1. aAsset index estimated using the first component of principal components analysis of asset ownership