Table 4 Maternal and child background characteristics of referent live births and intrapartum stillbirth cases
Variable | Referent Live Birth (N = 4476) | Intrapartum Stillbirth (N = 136) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age in years | |||
Mean ± SD | 23.7 ± 4.4 | 25.7 ± 6.3 | |
Median (IQR) | 23.0 (20–26) | 24.0 (20–30) | |
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Maternal age (5-year interval) | |||
<20 | 1224 (27.3) | 34 (25.0) | |
20–25 | 1957 (43.7) | 45 (33.1) | |
26–30 | 973 (21.7) | 28 (20.6) | |
>30 | 322 (7.2) | 29 (21.3) | p<0.001 |
Maternal education | |||
Primary school (5 years) or less | 1459 (32.6) | 17 (12.5) | |
Six years of schooling or more | 3017 (67.4) | 119 (87.5) | p<0.001 |
Ethnicity | |||
Brahmin/Chhetri (hill or terai) | 1733 (38.7) | 42 (30.9) | |
Relatively advantaged Janajatis | 812 (18.1) | 22 (16.2) | |
Disadvantaged Janajatis | 1293 (28.9) | 48 (35.3) | |
Non-Dalit (terai) | 369 (8.2) | 12 (8.8) | |
Dalit (hill and terai) | 235 (5.3) | 11 (8.1) | |
Muslim | 34 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | p=0.278 |
Antenatal Care Attendance | |||
At least one visit | 3904 (87.2) | 79 (58.1) | |
No ANC | 572 (12.8) | 57 (41.9) | p<0.001 |
Parity | |||
Primipara | 2418 (54.0) | 64 (47.1) | |
Multipara (1–2) | 1869 (41.8) | 51 (37.5) | |
Multipara (3 or more) | 189 (4.2) | 21 (15.4) | p<0.001 |
Obstetric complication during labor* | |||
No | 3965 (88.6) | 69 (50.7) | |
Yes | 511 (11.4) | 67 (49.3) | p<0.001 |
Sex of newborn | |||
Female | 2103 (47.0) | 52 (38.2) | |
Male | 2373 (53.0) | 84 (61.8) | p=0.45 |
Birth Weight in grams | |||
VLBW (<1500) | 40 (0.9) | 37 (27.2) | |
LBW (1500–2499) | 474 (10.6) | 42 (30.9) | |
Normal BW (<2500) | 3962 (88.5) | 57 (41.9) | p<0.001 |
Gestational age in weeks | |||
<32 | 68 (1.5) | 39 (28.7) | |
33–36 | 295 (6.6) | 23 (16.9) | |
>37 | 4113 (91.9) | 74 (54.4) | p<0.001 |
Mode of delivery | |||
Normal Vaginal delivery | 3357 (75.0) | 89 (65.4) | |
Instrumental delivery | 107 (2.4) | 3 (2.2) | |
Cesarean section delivery | 1012 (22.6) | 44 (32.4) | p=0.29 |