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Table 3 Logistic regression results for factors associated with attending four skilled ANC visits, among women attending at least one skilled ANC visit

From: Coverage and timing of antenatal care among poor women in 6 Mesoamerican countries

 

Guatemala

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

Married

0.92

[0.54,1.58]

1.48

[0.85,2.58]

1.22

[0.70,2.13]

1.14

[0.65,1.99]

1.23

[0.68,2.22]

Parity (ref: 1st child)

 2nd–3rd child

1.38

[0.85,2.25]

0.74

[0.40,1.36]

1.20

[0.82,1.76]

0.31**

[0.15,0.64]

1.50

[0.68,3.29]

 4th–5th child

1.18

[0.64,2.17]

0.55

[0.27,1.12]

0.97

[0.57,1.64]

0.28**

[0.12,0.66]

1.22

[0.44,3.37]

 6th + child

1.25

[0.54,2.88]

0.30**

[0.13,0.67]

0.74

[0.43,1.25]

0.23*

[0.07,0.78]

1.25

[0.49,3.20]

Age (ref: <20)

 20–34

0.85

[0.44,1.64]

1.45

[0.73,2.84]

1.42

[0.88,2.29]

3.20*

[1.32,7.74]

0.71

[0.29,1.75]

 > =35

1.42

[0.61,3.31]

1.69

[0.69,4.11]

1.67

[0.91,3.07]

3.94*

[1.29,12.03]

0.44

[0.14,1.44]

Education (ref: None)

 Primary

1.55

[0.84,2.88]

1.40

[0.64,3.09]

1.35

[0.91,2.01]

2.51*

[1.22,5.16]

0.95

[0.42,2.12]

 Post-primary

2.18*

[1.10,4.31]

1.78

[0.71,4.44]

1.99**

[1.25,3.17]

3.89**

[1.49,10.13]

0.87

[0.37,2.07]

 Female head of household

0.78

[0.41,1.48]

1.02

[0.52,1.98]

0.90

[0.55,1.49]

1.25

[0.70,2.23]

1.45

[0.94,2.22]

 Urban

1.57

[0.87,2.85]

0.81

[0.50,1.34]

1.27

[0.87,1.85]

1.40

[0.64,3.05]

(all rural)

Relative household expenditure per capita (ref: 1st quintile)

 2nd quintile

0.91

[0.43,1.89]

1.08

[0.56,2.05]

1.19

[0.81,1.76]

0.71

[0.33,1.51]

3.67***

[1.79,7.53]

 3rd quintile

0.87

[0.46,1.64]

1.46

[0.80,2.66]

1.18

[0.76,1.82]

0.60

[0.28,1.29]

1.25

[0.63,2.48]

 4th quintile

0.83

[0.47,1.48]

1.18

[0.64,2.18]

1.10

[0.68,1.76]

0.88

[0.33,2.31]

1.91

[0.91,4.02]

 5th quintile

0.84

[0.46,1.55]

1.12

[0.57,2.23]

1.39

[0.81,2.38]

0.48

[0.20,1.16]

3.09**

[1.38,6.90]

 Owns mobile phone

0.85

[0.54,1.33]

0.78

[0.48,1.28]

0.94

[0.66,1.33]

1.08

[0.65,1.78]

1.20

[0.67,2.15]

 Pregnancy was wanted

2.46**

[1.39,4.33]

1.18

[0.76,1.82]

1.32

[0.94,1.85]

1.53

[0.88,2.64]

  

 Reported vaginal bleeding

0.72

[0.37,1.38]

1.39

[0.58,3.32]

0.82

[0.50,1.36]

1.02

[0.41,2.53]

1.69

[0.73,3.94]

 Previous complications

1.44

[0.76,2.70]

0.83

[0.44,1.56]

0.62*

[0.40,0.97]

1.33

[0.55,3.24]

1.77

[0.55,5.64]

 CHW in the past month

0.68

[0.30,1.50]

2.37

[0.83,6.76]

1.16

[0.80,1.68]

1.20

[0.16,8.74]

1.20

[0.38,3.77]

 Media in the past week

1.63*

[1.05,2.53]

1.31

[0.81,2.13]

1.38*

[1.01,1.87]

2.14*

[1.15,3.98]

2.18**

[1.29,3.69]

Time to health facility (ref: <15 min)

 15–<30 min

0.68

[0.42,1.09]

0.72

[0.40,1.30]

1.06

[0.75,1.51]

1.21

[0.45,3.22]

1.42

[0.45,4.50]

 30–<60 min

1.16

[0.63,2.16]

0.66

[0.37,1.17]

1.07

[0.74,1.56]

0.88

[0.39,1.97]

0.77

[0.35,1.72]

 60+ minutes

0.69

[0.36,1.33]

0.69

[0.38,1.26]

0.98

[0.58,1.66]

0.72

[0.33,1.59]

0.71

[0.35,1.43]

 Insured

1.78

[0.92,3.44]

1.21

[0.23,6.55]

1.55*

[1.10,2.20]

1.65

[0.39,7.07]

1.22

[0.34,4.32]

Languages spoken in household (ref: Spanish only)

 Spanish and indigenous

1.08

[0.66,1.76]

  

0.54**

[0.37,0.78]

0.55

[0.22,1.39]

0.35

[0.08,1.49]

 Indigenous only

0.80

[0.25,2.59]

  

0.47*

[0.26,0.85]

  

0.41

[0.09,1.88]

 Oportunidades

    

1.31

[0.93,1.83]

    
  1. Bold text indicates results that are statistically significant in terms of the following: *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001
  2. Note: In El Salvador, it was not possible to determine whether a woman attended four skilled ANC visits due to the design of the survey