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Table 4 Comparative analysis of measures between ethnic minorities and the White reference group

From: Who is distressed? A comparison of psychosocial stress in pregnancy across seven ethnicities

 

Ethnicity

 
 

White

Asian

Other Asian

Arab

Latin American

Black

First Nations

Mixed/other

 
 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

X 2 (df = 7)

Social Support (N = 3318)

 Symptomatica

256 (9.8)

44 (27.5)

76 (33.9)

15 (35.7)

22 (28.2)

14 (28.6)

9 (28.1)

21 (18.4)

184.626*

 Normal

2363 (90.2)

116 (72.5)

148 (66.1)

27 (64.3)

56 (71.8)

35 (71.4)

23 (71.9)

93 (81.6)

Depression (N = 3141)

 Symptomatic

148 (5.9)

11 (7.0)

27 (12.9)

6 (15.4)

5 (7.2)

3 (6.8)

2 (7.7)

10 (9.4)

21.116*

 Normal

2342 (94.1)

147 (93.0)

182 (87.1)

33 (84.6)

64 (92.8)

41 (93.2)

24 (92.3)

96 (90.6)

State Anxiety (N = 3080)

 Symptomatic

420 (17.0)

24 (16.0)

44 (22.6)

17 (50.0)

18 (27.7)

11 (26.2)

7 (29.2)

20 (18.9)

35.966*

 Normal

2044 (83.0)

126 (84.0)

151 (77.4)

17 (50.0)

47 (72.3)

31 (73.8)

17 (70.8)

86 (81.1)

PSSb at <25 weeks (N = 3311)

 Symptomatic

513 (19.7)

39 (24.1)

74 (32.9)

17 (39.5)

22 (28.9)

14 (28.6)

12 (37.5)

26 (22.0)

39.867*

 Normal

2093 (80.3)

123 (75.9)

151 (67.1)

26 (60.5)

54 (71.1)

35 (71.4)

20 (62.5)

92 (78.0)

PSS at 35 (±1) weeks (N = 2899)

 Symptomatic

489 (21.2)

30 (21.4)

63 (31.8)

16 (44.4)

15 (23.1)

11 (26.2)

9 (45.0)

24 (25.0)

28.283*

 Normal

1813 (78.8)

110 (78.6)

135 (68.2)

20 (55.6)

50 (76.9)

31 (73.8)

11 (55.0)

72 (75.0)

Emotional Health (N = 3353)

 Symptomatic

275 (10.4)

29 (17.7)

43 (18.5)

8 (18.6)

9 (11.4)

10 (20.0)

9 (28.1)

13 (11)

33.665*

 Normal

2360 (89.6)

135 (82.3)

189 (81.5)

35 (81.4)

70 (88.6)

40 (80.0)

23 (71.9)

105 (89)

Physical Health (N = 3353)

 Symptomatic

371 (14.1)

39 (23.8)

57 (24.6)

6 (14.0)

13 (16.5)

7 (14.0)

9 (28.1)

23 (19.5)

32.429*

 Normal

2264 (85.9)

125 (76.2)

175 (75.4)

37 (86.0)

66 (83.5)

43 (86.0)

23 (71.9)

95 (80.5)

  1. *p ≤ .005
  2. aSymptomatic = above clinical cut-off scores
  3. b PSS perceived stress scale