Table 3 Maternal characteristics by Body Mass Index

Age

<.0001

   ≤ 19

17.4

10.9

7.4

5.8

  20–24

30.9

22.2

23.1

22.7

  25–29

26.7

28.5

29.8

31.0

  30–35

16.8

25.0

24.7

25.4

   > 35

8.3

13.4

15.0

15.1

Race/Ethnicity

<.0001

  White, non-Hispanic

60.4

63.7

56.0

56.2

  Black, non-Hispanic

11.7

10.8

15.6

18.7

  Hispanic

14.8

16.0

20.4

19.8

  Other, non-Hispanic

13.1

9.4

7.1

5.4

Married

<.0001

  Yes

52.2

63.5

60.5

57.4

  Other

47.8

36.5

39.5

42.6

Education

<.0001

   < High school

22.2

15.1

16.1

16.0

  High school

29.4

23.6

27.2

31.2

   > High school

48.4

61.4

56.6

52.9

Income

<.0001

   < $20,000

48.9

32.9

36.7

40.8

  $20,000–34,999

15.0

15.4

17.7

20.4

  $35,000–49,999

9.1

9.8

10.6

11.3

   ≥ $50,000

27.0

41.9

35.1

27.5

Pre-pregnancy Insurance

<.0001

  Private

45.3

60.0

54.8

49.3

  Medicaid

20.9

13.9

15.2

19.1

  Other

2.11

1.9

1.9

2.1

  Multiple

3.6

3.2

3.3

3.9

  No insurance

28.0

21.0

24.8

25.6

Medical-reproductive

Previous live birth

<.0001

  0

51.6

45.8

38.7

34.7

  1–2

40.8

45.7

49.0

51.4

   ≥ 3

7.6

8.6

12.3

13.9

Pre-pregnancy diabetes

1.6

1.4

2.2

3.9

<.0001

Pre-pregnancy hypertension

7.1

7.1

9.0

13.3

<.0001

Unintended Pregnancy

50.0

40.6

42.0

45.9

<.0001

Socio-behavioral

Pre-pregnancy smoking

30.7

22.5

24.5

28.3

<.0001

<.0001

  None

17.7

15.6

17.2

19.8

  Up to 3

68.9

67.5

67.3

68.3

  4 or more

11.4

15.0

13.4

10.3

Pre-pregnancy dieting

8.1

21.0

36.5

41.4

<.0001

Pre-pregnancy exercising

31.0

45.8

42.8

35.3

<.0001

Intimate partner violence

4.4

2.8

3.2

3.2

0.0085